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Plant Growth and Development Class 11 Notes For Biology Chapter 15

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Chapter 15 : Plant Growth and Development

Notes For Class 11 Biology Download In PDF


POINTS TO REMEMBER


Abscission :
Shedding of plant organs like leaves, flowers and fruits etc. from the mature plant.


Apical dominance : Suppression of the growth of lateral buds in presence of apical bud.


Dormancy : A period of suspended activity and growth usually associated with low metabolic rate.


Photoperiodism : Response of plant to the relative length of day and night period to induce flowering.


Phytochrome : A pigment, which control the light dependent developmental process.


Phytohormone : Chemicals secreted by plants in minute quantities which influence the physiological activities.


Senescene : The last phase of growth when metabolic activities decrease.


Vernalisation : A method of promoting flowering by exposing the young plant to low temperature.


Growth : An irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual. Abbreviations IAA Indole acetic acid NAA Naphthalene acetic acid ABA Abscissic acid IBA Indole-3 butyric acid 2.4D 2.4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid PGR Plant growth regulator


Measurement of growth : Plant growth can be measured by a variety of parameters like increase in fresh weight, dry weight, length, area, volume and cell number.


Phases of growth : The period of growth is generally divided into three phases, namely, meristamatic, elongation and maturation.
(i) Meristematic zone : New cell produced by metotic division at root-tip and shoot tip thereby show increase in size. Cells are rich in protoplasm and nuclei.
(ii) Elongation zone : Zone of elongation lies just behind the meristematic zone and concerned with enlargement of cells.
(iii) Maturation zone : The portion lies proximal to the phase of elongation. The cells of this zone attain their maximum size in terms of wall thickning and protoplasmic modification.


Growth rate : The increased growth per unit time is termed as growth rate. The growth rate shows an increase that may be arithmetic or geometrical.


Differentiation


Differentiation : A biochemical or morphological change in meristemic cell (at root apex and shoot apex) to differentiate into permanent cell is called differentiation.


Dedifferentiation : The phenomenon of regeneration of permanent tissue to become meristematic is called dedifferentiation.


Redifferentiation : Meristems/tissue are able to produces new cells that once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions.


PHYTO HORMONE OR PLANT GROWTH-REGULATOR


Growth promoting hormones : These are involved in growth promoting activities such as cell division, cell enlargement, flowering, fruiting and seed formation. e.g., Auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins. Growth inhibitor : Involved in growth inhibiting activities such as dormancy and abscission. e.g., Abscisic acid and Ethylene.


PHYTO HORMONE OR PLANT GROWTH-REGULATORa


Plant Growth and Development

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