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• Look at the graph carefully. See how the price
line moves up sharply in the 1790s and slumps
dramatically after 1815. Can you explain why the
line of the graph shows this pattern?
• What happened to the women and children?
Cow keeping, collection of firewood,
gleaning, gathering of fruits and berries from
the common lands was earlier mostly done
by women and children.
Can you suggest how enclosures must have
affected the lives of women and children?
Can you imagine how the disappearance of
common lands might have changed the
relationship between men, women and
children within the family?
• Read Sources C and D and answer the
following.
• What is the peasant trying to say in
Source C?
• What is John Middleton arguing?
• Re-read from Section 1.1 to 1.4 and
summarize the two sides of the argument
for and against open fields. Which
argument do you sympathise with?
• On the arrows in the map indicate the
commodities that flowed from one country to
another.
• Imagine that you were asked by the Emperor
of China to prepare a leaflet for young people
about the harmful effects of opium. Find out
about the effect of opium on the human body.
Design your leaflet and give it an eyecatching
title
• Imagine that you are the leader of a group of
farmers protesting against having to grow
opium. You have been granted a meeting
with the local official of the East India
Company. How would the conversation
proceed? Divide the class into the two
groups and act out the conversation you
would have.
•
Draw a timeline from 1650 to1930 showing the significant agricultural changes
which you have read about in this chapter.
Fill in the following table with the events outlined in this chapter. Remember, there could be more than one change in a country.
Question 1. Explain briefly what the open field system meant to rural people in eighteenthcentury
England.
Look at the system from the point of view of :
• A rich farmer
• A labourer
• A peasant woman
Question 2. Explain briefly the factors which led to the enclosures in England.
Question 3. Why were threshing machines opposed by the poor in England?
Question 4. Who was Captain Swing? What did the name symbolise or represent?
Question 5. What was the impact of the westward expansion of settlers in the USA?
Question 6. What were the advantages and disadvantages of the use of mechanical
harvesting machines in the USA?
Question 7. What lessons can we draw from the conversion of the countryside in the USA
from a bread basket to a dust bowl?
Question 8. Write a paragraph on why the British insisted on farmers growing opium in
India.
Question 9. Why were Indian farmers reluctant to grow opium?
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