CBSE Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 3: Sandhi Bodhah NCERT Solutions
This section provides detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit, Chapter 3, titled 'Sandhi Bodhah' (Understanding Sandhi). Sandhi, the process of phonetic change when words combine, is a fundamental concept in Sanskrit grammar. This chapter focuses on vowel sandhi (स्वर संधि) and consonant sandhi (व्यंजन संधि) through various exercises. Students will learn to identify and form sandhis by combining words correctly and breaking down compound words into their original components. The solutions cover exercises involving filling in the blanks with the correct sandhi form, selecting the appropriate option for a given sandhi, and splitting compound words into their constituent parts. These solutions are designed to help students grasp the rules of sandhi and apply them effectively, aiding in their preparation for exams by reinforcing grammatical understanding and practice.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 8 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Session | 2026 |
| Language | Hindi |
| Type | NCERT Solutions |
| Chapter | Chapter 3 |
Chapter summary
Chapter 3, 'Sandhi Bodhah', of the Class 8 Sanskrit NCERT curriculum focuses on the concept of Sandhi, which involves the merging of sounds when words are joined. The exercises in this chapter are designed to test students' understanding of both forming sandhis and splitting them. Students will practice identifying the correct sandhi forms from given options and reconstructing original words from their sandhi forms. This chapter is crucial for building a strong foundation in Sanskrit grammar, enabling better comprehension and composition.
Learning outcomes
- Understand the concept of Sandhi in Sanskrit.
- Identify and apply rules of vowel and consonant sandhi.
- Combine words to form correct sandhi compounds.
- Deconstruct sandhi compounds into their original words.
- Solve fill-in-the-blanks and multiple-choice questions related to sandhi.
- Improve reading and writing proficiency in Sanskrit through grammatical practice.
Topics covered
Paper topics
- Sandhi (संधि)
- Vowel Sandhi (स्वर संधि)
- Consonant Sandhi (व्यंजन संधि)
- Word Combination
- Word Splitting
- Sanskrit Grammar
- Phonetic Changes
- Exercise Solutions
- Fill in the Blanks
- Multiple Choice Questions
Important topics
- Understanding Sandhi formation
- Rules of Vowel Sandhi (e.g., अ+ऋ=अर्, इ+अ=य)
- Rules of Consonant Sandhi (e.g., उ+उ=ऊ)
- Splitting compound words into original parts
- Applying sandhi rules in exercises
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Questions and Solutions
अभ्यासः (क)
उचितं विकल्पं चित्वा रिक्तस्थाने लिखत। (उचित विकल्प चुनकर रिक्त स्थान में लिखिए–)
(क) 1. सप्त + ऋषि : = _____ (सप्तार्षि:, सप्तर्षि :, सर्प्तिष:)
Solution:
सप्त + ऋषिः = सप्तर्षिः
Explanation:
This is an example of गुण संधि (Guna Sandhi), a type of vowel sandhi. When the vowel 'अ' (from 'सप्त') is followed by 'ऋ' (from 'ऋषिः'), the 'अ' changes to 'अर्'. Thus, 'सप्त' + 'ऋषिः' combines to form 'सप्तर्षिः'.
The correct option is: सप्तर्षि:
अभ्यासः (क)
1. मम + एव = (ममेव, ममिव, ममेव)
Solution:
मम + एव = ममैव
Explanation:
This is an example of वृद्धि संधि (Vriddhi Sandhi). When the vowel 'अ' (from 'मम') is followed by 'ए' (from 'एव'), they combine to form 'ऐ'. Therefore, 'मम' + 'एव' becomes 'ममैव'.
The correct option is: ममैव
अभ्यासः (क)
2. सर्व + उपरि = (सर्वुपरि, सर्वोपरि, सर्वूपरि)
Solution:
सर्व + उपरि = सर्वोपरि
Explanation:
This illustrates गुण संधि (Guna Sandhi). When the vowel 'अ' (from 'सर्व') is followed by 'उ' (from 'उपरि'), they combine to form 'ओ'. Thus, 'सर्व' + 'उपरि' becomes 'सर्वोपरि'.
The correct option is: सर्वोपरि
अभ्यासः (क)
3. पितृ + आदेश: = (पितादेश:, पितरादेश:, पित्रादेश:)
Solution:
पितृ + आदेशः = पित्रादेशः
Explanation:
This is an example of दीर्घ संधि (Dirgha Sandhi) or a variation where 'ऋ' followed by a vowel changes. When 'ऋ' (from 'पितृ') is followed by a vowel like 'आ' (from 'आदेशः'), the 'ऋ' changes to 'र', and combines with the vowel. Thus, 'पितृ' + 'आदेशः' becomes 'पित्रादेशः'.
The correct option is: पित्रादेशः
अभ्यासः (क)
4. यदि + अपि = (यद्यापि, यद्यपि, यदियपि)
Solution:
यदि + अपि = यद्यपि
Explanation:
This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). When the vowel 'इ' (from 'यदि') is followed by a different vowel ('अ' from 'अपि'), the 'इ' changes to 'य'. Thus, 'यदि' + 'अपि' becomes 'यद्यपि'.
The correct option is: यद्यपि
अभ्यासः (ख)
(ख) 1. सर्वदैव = ____ + ___ (सर्व + दैव, सर्वदा + ऐव, सर्वदा + एव)
Solution:
सर्वदैव = सर्वदा + एव
Explanation:
'सर्वदैव' is formed by combining 'सर्वदा' (always) and 'एव' (indeed). This is an example of वृद्धि संधि (Vriddhi Sandhi). The 'आ' from 'सर्वदा' and 'ए' from 'एव' combine to form 'ऐ'. Thus, the split is 'सर्वदा + एव'.
The correct options are: सर्वदा + एव
अभ्यासः (ख)
2. कर्मण्येव = --- + (कर्मणी + एव; कर्मणि + एव, कर्मण् + येव)
Solution:
कर्मण्येव = कर्मणि + एव
Explanation:
'कर्मण्येव' is formed by combining 'कर्मणि' (in action) and 'एव' (indeed). This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). The 'इ' from 'कर्मणि' changes to 'य' when followed by 'ए'. Thus, the split is 'कर्मणि + एव'.
The correct option is: कर्मणि + एव
अभ्यासः (ख)
3. साधवे = ---- + (साधु + ए, साधो: +ए, साधो + ए)
Solution:
साधवे = साधु + ए
Explanation:
'साधवे' is formed by combining 'साधु' (virtuous person) and 'ए' (indeed/also). This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). The 'उ' from 'साधु' changes to 'व' when followed by the vowel 'ए'. Thus, the split is 'साधु + ए'.
The correct option is: साधु + ए
अभ्यासः (ख)
4. भानूदय: = —— + —— (भानू + उदय:, भानु + उदय:, भानु:, + उदय:)
Solution:
भानूदयः = भानु + उदयः
Explanation:
'भानूदयः' is formed by combining 'भानु' (sun) and 'उदयः' (rise). This is an example of दीर्घ संधि (Dirgha Sandhi). When a short or long 'उ' is followed by another short or long 'उ', they combine to form a long 'ऊ'. Thus, 'भानु' + 'उदयः' becomes 'भानूदयः'.
The correct option is: भानु + उदयः
अभ्यासः (ख)
मातृणम् = — + (मातृ + णम्, मातृ + ऋणम्; मातृ + ऋणम्)
Solution:
मातृणम् = मातृ + ऋणम्
Explanation:
'मातृणम्' is formed by combining 'मातृ' (mother) and 'ऋणम्' (debt/loan). This is an example of दीर्घ संधि (Dirgha Sandhi). When 'ऋ' is followed by 'ऋ', they combine to form a long 'ऋ'. Thus, 'मातृ' + 'ऋणम्' becomes 'मातृणम्'.
The correct option is: मातृ + ऋणम्
2. सिन्धः विच्छेदः वा क्रियताम्-(सिन्ध अथवा विच्छेद कीजिए-)
(क) 1. महर्षि: = ---- + ---- 2. चापि = ---- +
3. ममेच्छा = ____ + ____ 4. अध्ययनाभिलाषा = ____
- ग्रीष्मर्तु: = — + — 6. भवति = — + —
- (ख) 1. क्षुधा + आर्त: = —— + —— 2. भविन्त + एते = ——
- उप + ईक्षिता: = ____ + ___ 4. तथा+ एव = ____
- प्रति + आगच्छ्रति = — + — 6. सु+ आगतम् = —
उत्तरम्—
- (क) 1. महा + ऋर्षि:
- (ख) 1. क्षुघार्त:
- च + अपि
- मम + इच्छा
- भवन्त्येते
- अध्ययन + अभिलाषा
- उपेक्षिता
- ग्रीष्म + ऋतुः
- तथैव
- भो + अति
- प्रत्यागच्छति
- स्वागतम्
प्रश्न 2 (क) 1. महर्षि:
महर्षि: = ---- + ----
Solution:
महर्षिः = महा + ऋषिः
Explanation:
This is an example of गुण संधि (Guna Sandhi). Here, 'महा' (great) combines with 'ऋषिः' (sage). The 'आ' from 'महा' and 'ऋ' from 'ऋषिः' combine to form 'अर्', resulting in 'महर्षिः'.
प्रश्न 2 (क) 2. चापि
चापि = ---- +
Solution:
चापि = च + अपि
Explanation:
'चापि' is formed by combining 'च' (and) and 'अपि' (also/even). This is an example of दीर्घ संधि (Dirgha Sandhi). The 'अ' from 'च' and 'अ' from 'अपि' combine to form a long 'आ'. Thus, 'च' + 'अपि' becomes 'चापि'.
प्रश्न 2 (क) 3. ममेच्छा
ममेच्छा = ____ + ____
Solution:
ममेच्छा = मम + इच्छा
Explanation:
'ममेच्छा' is formed by combining 'मम' (my) and 'इच्छा' (wish). This is an example of वृद्धि संधि (Vriddhi Sandhi). The 'अ' from 'मम' and 'इ' from 'इच्छा' combine to form 'ए'. Thus, 'मम' + 'इच्छा' becomes 'ममेच्छा'.
प्रश्न 2 (क) 4. अध्ययनाभिलाषा
अध्ययनाभिलाषा = ____
Solution:
अध्ययनाभिलाषा = अध्ययन + अभिलाषा
Explanation:
'अध्ययनाभिलाषा' means 'desire for study'. It is formed by combining 'अध्ययन' (study) and 'अभिलाषा' (desire). This is an example of दीर्घ संधि (Dirgha Sandhi). The 'अ' from 'अध्ययन' and 'अ' from 'अभिलाषा' combine to form a long 'आ'. Thus, 'अध्ययन' + 'अभिलाषा' becomes 'अध्ययनाभिलाषा'.
प्रश्न 2 (क) 5. ग्रीष्मर्तु:
ग्रीष्मर्तु: = — + —
Solution:
ग्रीष्मर्तुः = ग्रीष्म + ऋतुः
Explanation:
'ग्रीष्मर्तुः' refers to the summer season. It is formed by combining 'ग्रीष्म' (summer) and 'ऋतुः' (season). This is an example of गुण संधि (Guna Sandhi). The 'अ' from 'ग्रीष्म' and 'ऋ' from 'ऋतुः' combine to form 'अर्'. Thus, 'ग्रीष्म' + 'ऋतुः' becomes 'ग्रीष्मर्तुः'.
प्रश्न 2 (क) 6. भवति
भवति = — + —
Solution:
भवति = भो + अति
Explanation:
This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). The 'ओ' from 'भो' changes to 'व' when followed by the vowel 'अ' from 'अति'. Thus, 'भो' + 'अति' becomes 'भवति'.
प्रश्न 2 (ख) 1. क्षुधा + आर्त:
क्षुधा + आर्त: = —— + ——
Solution:
क्षुधा + आर्तः = क्षुधाार्त: (or क्षुधार्तः)
Explanation:
This is an example of दीर्घ संधि (Dirgha Sandhi). The 'आ' from 'क्षुधा' and 'आ' from 'आर्तः' combine to form a long 'आ'. Thus, 'क्षुधा' + 'आर्तः' becomes 'क्षुधाआर्तः', which is often written as 'क्षुधार्तः'.
प्रश्न 2 (ख) 2. भविन्त + एते
भविन्त + एते = ——
Solution:
भविन्त + एते = भवन्त्येते
Explanation:
This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). The 'इ' from 'भविन्ति' (assuming 'भविन्त' is a typo for 'भविन्ति') changes to 'य' when followed by 'ए'. Thus, 'भविन्ति' + 'एते' becomes 'भवन्त्येते'.
प्रश्न 2 (ख) 3. उप + ईक्षिता:
उप + ईक्षिता: = ____ + ___
Solution:
उप + ईक्षिताः = उपेक्षिताः
Explanation:
This is an example of गुण संधि (Guna Sandhi). The 'अ' from 'उप' and 'ई' from 'ईक्षिताः' combine to form 'ए'. Thus, 'उप' + 'ईक्षिताः' becomes 'उपेक्षिताः'.
प्रश्न 2 (ख) 4. तथा+ एव
तथा+ एव = ____
Solution:
तथा + एव = तथैव
Explanation:
This is an example of वृद्धि संधि (Vriddhi Sandhi). The 'आ' from 'तथा' and 'ए' from 'एव' combine to form 'ऐ'. Thus, 'तथा' + 'एव' becomes 'तथैव'.
प्रश्न 2 (ख) 5. प्रति + आगच्छ्रति
प्रति + आगच्छ्रति = — + —
Solution:
प्रति + आगच्छ्रति = प्रत्यागच्छ्रति
Explanation:
This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). The 'इ' from 'प्रति' changes to 'य' when followed by the vowel 'आ' from 'आगच्छ्रति'. Thus, 'प्रति' + 'आगच्छ्रति' becomes 'प्रत्यागच्छ्रति'.
प्रश्न 2 (ख) 6. सु+ आगतम्
सु+ आगतम् = —
Solution:
सु + आगतम् = स्वागतम्
Explanation:
This is an example of यण संधि (Yan Sandhi). The 'उ' from 'सु' changes to 'व' when followed by the vowel 'आ' from 'आगतम्'. Thus, 'सु' + 'आगतम्' becomes 'स्वागतम्'.
Common mistakes
- Incorrectly applying sandhi rules, leading to wrong vowel or consonant changes.
- Confusing similar-sounding sandhi types.
- Difficulty in splitting complex sandhi compounds into their original components.
- Errors in selecting the correct option when multiple choices seem plausible.
- Misinterpreting the base words when splitting a sandhi.
Revision tips
- Review the rules for each type of sandhi (vowel and consonant) before attempting the exercises.
- Pay close attention to the vowels and consonants at the junction of the two words being combined.
- Practice splitting words by looking for common prefixes and suffixes, and identifying the vowel change.
- Use the provided solutions to understand the step-by-step process for both forming and splitting sandhis.
- Create flashcards with sandhi rules and examples for quick revision.
Practice MCQs
Q1. Which is the correct sandhi for 'सप्त + ऋषिः'?
Explanation: When 'अ' is followed by 'ऋ', it changes to 'अर्'. Thus, 'सप्त + ऋषिः' becomes 'सप्तर्षिः'.
Q2. What is the correct sandhi for 'यदि + अपि'?
Explanation: When 'इ' is followed by a different vowel, 'इ' changes to 'य'. Therefore, 'यदि + अपि' becomes 'यद्यपि'.
Q3. Which option correctly splits 'सर्वदैव'?
Explanation: 'सर्वदैव' is formed by the combination of 'सर्वदा' (always) and 'एव' (indeed). The 'आ' from 'सर्वदा' and 'ए' from 'एव' combine to form 'ऐ'.
Q4. Identify the correct sandhi for 'पितृ + आदेशः'?
Explanation: When 'ऋ' is followed by a vowel, 'ऋ' changes to 'र'. Thus, 'पितृ + आदेशः' becomes 'पित्रादेशः'.
Q5. What is the correct sandhi for 'भानु + उदयः'?
Explanation: When 'उ' is followed by 'उ', they combine to form a long 'ऊ'. Therefore, 'भानु + उदयः' becomes 'भानूदयः'.
Frequently asked questions
What is Sandhi in Sanskrit?
Sandhi is the process in Sanskrit grammar where sounds change when two words are joined together. This involves combining the final sound of the first word and the initial sound of the second word according to specific rules.
What types of Sandhi are covered in Class 8, Chapter 3?
Chapter 3, 'Sandhi Bodhah', primarily covers exercises related to vowel sandhi (स्वर संधि) and some aspects of consonant sandhi (व्यंजन संधि), focusing on combining words and splitting them.
How do these NCERT Solutions help students?
These solutions provide clear, step-by-step explanations for each exercise, helping students understand the rules of sandhi, practice applying them, and verify their answers, thereby strengthening their grasp of Sanskrit grammar.
What is the main goal of the exercises in this chapter?
The main goal is to enable students to correctly form sandhi compounds by joining words and to accurately split given sandhi compounds into their original constituent words, understanding the underlying phonetic rules.
Are both forming and splitting sandhis covered?
Yes, the exercises in this chapter include tasks where students need to combine words to form a sandhi, as well as tasks where they must split a given sandhi word into its original components.
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