CBSE Class 10 मनिका Chapter 11: कालोऽहम् (मैं समय हूँ) NCERT Solutions

The speaker in this passage is Time itself. Time is described as being in constant motion, like a wheel.

1. (i) अत्र वक्ता कालः अस्ति। (The speaker here is Time.)
2. कालः चक्रवत् परिवर्तमानः अस्ति। (Time is changing like a wheel.)

Time serves as a witness to the creation, development, and dissolution of the universe. It is also identified as the soul of the universe.

1. कालः जगतः उत्पत्तेः, विकासस्य, प्रलयस्य च साक्षी अस्ति। (Time is the witness of the world's creation, development, and destruction.)
2. कालः विश्वस्य आत्मा वर्तते। (Time is the soul of the universe.)

This section tests vocabulary and grammar related to the chapter.

1. The opposite of 'जायते' (is born/created) is 'विलीयते' (dissolves/perishes). So the answer is (ग) विलीयते.
2. In the sentence 'कियती प्राचीना इयम् सृष्टिः' (How ancient is this creation!), the word 'सृष्टिः' (creation) is the noun being described, making it the special word (विशेष्यपद). So the answer is (क) सृष्टि:.
3. The word 'गणयामि' (I count) is a synonym for 'कलयामि' (I count/calculate), as indicated in the word meanings. So the answer is (ग) कलयामि.
4. The verb 'जायते' (is born/created) refers to the subject 'जगत्' (world) or 'सृष्टिः' (creation). In the context of the sentence 'इदम् जगत् तु पुनः पुनः जायते', 'जगत्' is the subject. So the answer is (ख) जगत्.
5. The pronoun 'अहम्' (I) is used by the speaker, who identifies himself as Time ('कालः'). Therefore, the pronoun 'अहम्' refers to Time. So the answer is (घ) कालाय.
6. The word used in the text to mean 'continuously' or 'constantly' is 'सततम्'. So the answer is (क) सततम्.

This exercise requires forming questions in Sanskrit for the given statements.

1. For the statement 'अहं खलु काल:' (I am indeed Time.), the question would be 'Who am I?' or 'What am I?'. In Sanskrit, this is क: (Who/What?).
2. For the statement 'अहमेव जगतः उत्पत्तेः, विकासस्य, प्रणयस्य च साक्षी अस्मि।' (I am the witness of the world's creation, development, and destruction.), the question would focus on what is being witnessed or whose witness it is. If focusing on 'जगतः' (of the world), the question is कस्य (Whose?).
3. For the statement 'तर्हि शृणुत ध्यानेन।' (Then listen with attention.), the question would be 'How should you listen?'. In Sanskrit, this is कथम् (How?).
4. For the statement 'विश्वस्य अहम् आत्मा।' (I am the soul of the universe.), the question would be 'Whose soul am I?' or 'Whose is the soul?'. In Sanskrit, this is कस्य (Whose?).

This section explains the cosmic time cycles and the context of a New Year celebration.

The text describes the four Yugas (Krita, Treta, Dvapara, Kali) which together form a Mahayuga. Seventy-one Mahayugas constitute a Manvantara, and fourteen Manvantaras make up a Kalpa. A Kalpa is considered one day of Brahma, whose total lifespan is one hundred years.

The passage sets a scene where a New Year's celebration is taking place on the occasion of a Yuga's beginning ('युगादिपर्वणि'). It is noted that the Kali Yuga is entering its fifty-second century. At the start of the ceremony, a scholar performs a Sankalpa (a ritualistic declaration).

These questions ask for single-word answers based on the provided text about cosmic time cycles.

1. युगानि चत्वारि सन्ति। (There are four Yugas.)
2. विद्वान् सङ्कल्पवाचनम् करोति। (A scholar performs the Sankalpa.)

These questions require full sentence answers based on the text describing the New Year celebration and cosmic time units.

1. युगादि पर्वणि नूतनसंवत्सरस्य अभिनन्दनसमारोहः आयोज्यते। (The New Year's celebration is organized on the festival of the beginning of a Yuga.)
2. ब्रह्मणः एकं दिनं एव एकः कल्पः मन्यते। (One day of Brahma is considered one Kalpa.)

This section focuses on vocabulary and grammatical understanding within the context of the chapter.

1. The word used in the text that means 'year' is 'संवत्सरस्य'. So the answer is (क) संवत्सरस्य.
2. Brahma's lifespan is stated as one hundred years. So the answer is (ग) शतम्.
3. The word 'आयुः' (lifespan) is a neuter noun in Sanskrit. So the answer is (ग) नपुंसकलिङ्गे.
4. The text states that the Kali Yuga is entering its fifty-second century ('द्विपञ्चाशत्तमं शतकं'). So the answer is (घ) द्विपञ्चाशत्तमम्.

This exercise involves creating Sanskrit questions for the given statements.

1. For the statement 'ब्रह्मणः आयुः शतं वर्षाणि।' (Brahma's lifespan is one hundred years.), the question would be 'How many years is Brahma's lifespan?'. In Sanskrit, this is कति? (How many?).
2. For the statement 'शंखध्वनिः श्रूयते।' (The sound of a conch is heard.), the question would be 'What is heard?'. In Sanskrit, this is किम्? (What?).
3. For the statement 'कश्चन विद्वान् संकल्प वाचनं करोति।' (A scholar performs a Sankalpa.), the question would be 'Who performs the Sankalpa?'. In Sanskrit, this is क:? (Who?).
4. For the statement 'एकः कल्पः एव ब्रह्मणः एकं दिनं मन्यते।' (One Kalpa is considered one day of Brahma.), the question would be 'What is considered one day of Brahma?'. In Sanskrit, this is किम्? (What?) or focusing on 'ब्रह्मणः' (of Brahma), it could be कस्य? (Whose?). The provided answer key suggests 'कस्य?' for this, likely focusing on 'ब्रह्मणः'.