CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2026-27

BUSINESS STUDIES (Subject Code 054) Class XII (2026-27)

Rationale

The courses in Business Studies and Accountancy are introduced at + 2 stage of Senior Secondary Education as formal commerce education is provided after first ten years of schooling. Therefore, it becomes necessary that instructions in these subjects are given in such a manner that students have a good understanding of the principles and practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as well as their relationship with the society.

Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources and human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. To understand the framework in which a business operates, a detailed study of the organisation and management of business processes and its interaction with the environment is required. Globalisation has changed the way organizations transact their business.

Information Technology is becoming a part of business operations in more and more organisations. Computerised systems are fast replacing other systems. E-business and other related concepts are picking up fast which need to be emphasized in the curriculum.

The course in Business Studies prepares students to analyse, manage, evaluate and respond to changes which affect business. It provides a way of looking at and interacting with the business environment. It recognizes the fact that business influences and is influenced by social, political, legal and economic forces.

It allows students to appreciate that business is an integral component of society and develops an understanding of many social and ethical issues.

Therefore, to acquire basic knowledge of the business world, a course in Business Studies would be useful. It also informs students of a range of study and work options and bridges the gap between school and work.

Objectives:

To inculcate business attitude and develop skills among students to pursue higher education, world of work including self employment.

To develop students with an understanding of the processes of business and its environment;

• To acquaint students with the dynamic nature and inter-dependent aspects of business;

To develop an interest in the theory and practice of business, trade and industry;

• To familiarize students with theoretical foundations of the process of organizing and managing the operations of a business firm;
• To help students appreciate the economic and social significance of business activity and the social cost and benefits arising there from;
• To acquaint students with the practice of managing the operations and resources of business;
• To enable students to act more effectively and responsibly as consumers, employers, employees and citizens;

Business Studies (Subject Code 054) Class-XII (2026-27)

Theory: 80 Marks

Project: 20 Marks

3 Hours

Units Marks

Part A Principles and Functions of Management

1. Nature and Significance of Management 16 2 Principles of Management 3 Business Environment

4 Planning 14

5 Organising 6 Staffing 20

7 Directing 8 Controlling Total 50

Part B Business Finance and Marketing 9 Financial Management 15

10 Financial Markets 11 Marketing Management 15

12 Consumer Protection Total 30

Part C Project Work (One) 20

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management

Concept After going through this unit, the

student/ learner would be able to:

Management - concept, objectives, and • Understand the concept of

importance management.

Explain the meaning of

'Effectiveness and Efficiency.

Discuss the objectives of

management.

• Management as Science, Art and • Examine the nature of

Profession management as a science, art and

profession.

Levels of Management • Understand the role of top, middle

and lower levels of management

Management functions-planning, • Explain the functions of

organizing, staffing, directing and management

controlling Coordination- concept and importance • Discuss the concept and

characteristics of coordination. <math>\bullet</math> Explain the importance of

coordination.

Unit 2: Principles of Management

Principles of Management - concept and • Understand the concept of

significance principles of management.

• Explain the significance of

management principles.

Fayol's principles of management • Discuss the principles of

management developed by Fayol. Taylor's Scientific management - principles • Explain the principles and

and techniques techniques of 'Scientific

Management'.

Compare the contributions of Fayol •

and Taylor.

Unit 3: Business Environment

Business Environment- concept and • Understand the concept of

importance 'Business Environment'.

• Describe the importance of

business environment

Dimensions of Business Environment - Describe the various dimensions of •

Economic, Social, Technological, Political 'Business Environment'.

and Legal • Understand the concept of

demonetization

Demonetization - concept and features

Unit 4: Planning

Planning: Concept, importance and • Understand the concept of

limitation planning.

• Describe the importance of

planning.

Understand the limitations of planning.

Planning process Describe the steps in the process •

of planning.

Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, Develop an understanding of single •

Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, use and standing plans

Budget and Programme Describe objectives, policies, •

strategy, procedure, method, rule, budget and programme as types of plans.

Unit 5: Organising

Organising: Concept and importance <math>\bullet</math> Understand the concept of

organizing as a structure and as a

process.

Explain the importance of •

organising.

Organising Process Describe the steps in the process •

of organizing

Structure of organisation- functional and Describe functional and divisional •

divisional concept. structures of organisation. Formal and informal organization - concept Explain the advantages, •

disadvantages and suitability of functional and divisional structure. Understand the concept of formal •

and informal organisation. Discuss the advantages, disadvantages of formal and informal organisation. Delegation: concept, elements and Understand the concept of •

importance delegation.

Describe the elements of •

delegation.

Appreciate the importance of •

Delegation.

Decentralization: concept and importance Understand the concept of <math>\bullet</math>

decentralisation. Explain the importance of decentralisation. Differentiate between delegation •

and decentralisation.

Unit 6: Staffing

Staffing: Concept and importance of Understand the concept of staffing. <math>\bullet</math>

staffing Explain the importance of staffing •

Staffing as a part of Human Resource Understand the specialized duties <math>\bullet</math>

Management concept and activities performed by Human Resource Management Staffing process Describe the steps in the process •

of staffing

Recruitment process Understand the meaning of •

recruitment.

Discuss the sources of recruitment. Explain the merits and demerits of •

internal and external sources of recruitment.

Selection – process Understand the meaning of <math>\bullet</math>

selection.

Describe the steps involved in the •

process of selection. Training and Development - Concept and Understand the concept of training <math>\bullet</math>

importance, Methods of training - on the and development.