CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology Syllabus 2026-27

BIOTECHNOLOGY Subject Code - 045 Class XII (2026-27)

An unprecedented growth of human knowledge in the field of Biological Sciences coupled with equally significant developments in the field of technology have brought significant changes into existing social and economic systems. The emerging field of Biotechnology is likely to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology for human welfare. Modern Biotechnology processes encompass a wide range of new products such as antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many more. Furthermore, developments in recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful products in the fields of healthcare and agriculture. The present syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Due emphasis has been laid on familiarizing the learners with the fundamental concepts, basic techniques and their applications. It is expected that the knowledge gained through the study of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed practical work will make the learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional courses after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.

Objectives

The broad objectives of teaching Biotechnology at senior secondary level are to:

help the learners know and understand basic facts and concepts of the subject at elementary stage.

<math>\blacktriangle</math> expose the students to different basic processes and basic techniques used in Biotechnology.

lacktrian familiarize the learners to understand the relationship of the subject to health, nutrition, environment, agriculture and industry, etc.

develop conceptual competence in the learners so as to cope up with professional courses in future career.

acquaint students with different applications of Biotechnology in everyday life.

develop an interest in students to study Biotechnology as a discipline.

BIOTECHNOLOGY Subject Code - 045 Class XII (2026-27)

COURSE STRUCTURE

Max. Marks: 70+30

Time: 3 hours

Units Marks

Unit V Protein and Gene Manipulation 40

Unit VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation 30

Practicals 30

Total 100

<u>Theory</u>

Time: 3 hours.

Max. Marks: 70

<u>Unit-V Protein and Gene Manipulation</u>

40 Marks

Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology

Introduction, Tool of Recombinant DNA technology, making rDNA molecule, Introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells, Identification of recombinants, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA Sequencing.

Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering

Introduction to the world of proteins, Structure-function Relationship in proteins, Characterization of proteins, Protein based products, Designing proteins (Protein Engineering)

Chapter-3: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Gene prediction and counting, Genome similarity, SNPs and Comparative genomics, Functional genomics, Proteomics, Information sources, Analysis using bioinformatics tools.

<u>Unit-VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation</u>

30 Marks

Chapter-1: Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications

Introduction, Microbial nutrition and culture techniques, Measurement and kinetics of microbial growth, Isolation of microbial products, Strain isolation and improvement, Applications of microbial culture technology.

Chapter -2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Cell and tissue culture techniques, Applications of cell and tissue culture, Transgenic plants with beneficial traits, Biosafety of transgenic plants

Chapter-3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Animal cell culture techniques, Applications of animal cell culture, Stem cell technology.

PRACTICALS

30 Marks

Note: Every student will be required to do the following experiments during the academic session.

1. Use of special equipment in biotechnology experiments
2. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA
3. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoresis
4. Estimation of DNA by UV spectroscopy
5. Isolation of bacteria from curd & staining of bacteria
6. Cell viability assay using Evan's blue dye exclusion method
7. Data retrieval and database search using internet site NCBI and download a DNA and protein sequence from internet, analyze it and comment on it
8. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel to arrive at the sequence
9. Project work

Scheme of Evaluation

Max. Marks 30

Time: 3 hours

The scheme of evaluation at the end of the session will be as under: 6+6 Α Two experiments (only one computer

based practical)

Practical record 04

Viva on Practical 04

В Project work Write up 05

Viva on project 05

Total 30

Note: - More emphasis should be given on hands on work in projects.

Prescribed Books:

1. A Text Book of Biotechnology - Class XI: Published by CBSE, New Delhi
2. As reference- Biotechnology - Class XI: Published by NCERT, New Delhi
3. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology - Class XI: Published by CBSE, New Delhi
4. A Text Book of Biotechnology - Class XII: Published by CBSE, New Delhi
5. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology - Class XII: Published by CBSE, New Delhi