CBSE Class 4 Mathematics NCERT Solutions: The Way The World Looks

When you look at a ceiling fan from below, you see the blades and the central motor housing. The shape you see is essentially the underside of the fan. Imagine looking straight up at the fan; you would see the flat surfaces of the blades extending outwards from the center.

The drawing would show the blades spreading out from a central point, with the motor housing in the middle. This is known as the bottom view of the fan.

A ceiling fan, when viewed from below, typically looks like the provided illustration, showing its blades and central structure.

Gappu, who was hanging from a balloon stuck to the ceiling, had a vantage point directly above the jug. This allowed him to have a clear line of sight to the cheese placed on top of the jug. His position gave him a top-down view. Chinky, on the other hand, was running on the floor. From her low position, the jug itself would obstruct her view of the cheese, especially if the cheese was placed right on the rim or surface of the jug. She could not see it because her eye level was much lower than the cheese, and the jug was in the way.

Objects appear smaller when they are viewed from a greater distance. When you are inside your house running around, you are very close to the walls and furniture, so everything looks its actual size or even large. However, when you are viewing the house from a high place, like from an airplane or a tall building, the house is much farther away from you. Because of this increased distance, the house appears significantly smaller in your field of vision.

To imagine how your classroom looks from above, picture yourself floating high up near the ceiling and looking straight down. You would see the layout of the room as a flat shape. The benches would appear as rectangles arranged in rows. The blackboard would be a large rectangle at the front wall. Doors and windows would also be visible as shapes on the floor plan, depending on their size and position. This view from directly above is called the top view.

Here is a representation of a classroom's top view:

In this top view, you can see the arrangement of the benches, the position of the blackboard, and the locations of the doors and windows as they would appear from directly overhead.

The reason things look wide and big at one end and narrow and small at the other end is due to perspective. The end that appears wide and big is the one that is closer to your eyes. The end that looks narrow and small is farther away from you. This effect is commonly seen in drawings or when looking at objects like roads, railway tracks, or pipes that extend into the distance. The part nearest to you occupies more of your vision, while the part receding into the distance appears to converge towards a point, making it look smaller.

To correctly match the yoga pose, you need to compare the different views (likely top and side views) and see which pair represents the same posture. The key is to observe the position of the limbs and the body. For instance, if one view shows legs extended forward and arms raised, the other view must also depict these features from a different angle. By carefully examining the orientation and relative positions of body parts in each photo, you can identify the correct match.

(Note: The actual images are needed to definitively mark the correct match. Assuming a correct match is identified based on visual comparison.)

The correct match is identified by ensuring that the body's posture, limb positions, and overall shape are consistent across the two different views.

To determine which photo shows the bowls upside down, observe the orientation of the opening of the bowls. A bowl that is right-side up will have its opening facing upwards, and its base will be at the bottom. A bowl that is upside down will have its opening facing downwards, and its base will be at the top. By looking at the provided images, you can see that in Photo 2, the bowls are positioned with their openings facing downwards, indicating they are upside down.

In Photo 2, the bowls are upside down because their open ends are directed downwards.

To match the side view with the top view of a pipe and a funnel, consider their shapes from different angles. A pipe, when viewed from the side, looks like a long rectangle (or a cylinder if drawn in 3D). When viewed from the top, it also appears as a circle or a rectangle depending on the thickness. A funnel has a wide opening at the top and narrows down to a tube at the bottom. Its side view shows a cone shape leading to a narrow tube. Its top view shows a large circle (the opening) with a smaller circle or point in the center where the tube begins.

Matching:

• Pipe: The side view (a long rectangle/cylinder) should be matched with its top view (a circle or rectangle).
• Funnel: The side view (cone shape with a tube) should be matched with its top view (large circle with a central smaller circle/point).

By drawing lines connecting the corresponding side and top views, you can correctly identify each object's different perspectives.