CBSE Class 10 Social Science: Resources and Development NCERT Solutions

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 10 PDF

This section provides detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, Chapter 1: Resources and Development from the Contemporary India – II textbook. It covers key concepts related to resource classification, land degradation, soil types, and conservation methods. The solutions explain the nature of different resources like iron ore and tidal energy, identify causes of land degradation, and describe soil types found in various regions of India, such as black soil and alluvial soil. It also offers practical steps for controlling soil erosion in hilly areas. These solutions are designed to help students understand the chapter's core themes, clarify doubts, and prepare effectively for their board examinations by offering clear explanations and accurate answers to all exercise questions.

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Quick info

BoardCBSE
ClassClass 10
SubjectSocial Science
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterGeography (Contemporary India – II) - Resources and Development

Chapter summary

Chapter 1 of Contemporary India – II focuses on Resources and Development. This NCERT Solutions set covers the classification of resources (renewable, non-renewable), the causes and consequences of land degradation, and the characteristics of different soil types in India, including black and alluvial soils. It also highlights methods for soil conservation, particularly in hilly regions. The solutions provide clear answers to multiple-choice and short-answer questions, aiding students in grasping fundamental geographical concepts.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the classification of resources into renewable and non-renewable types.
  • Identify the causes of land degradation and its impact.
  • Recognize different soil types found in India and their associated crops.
  • Learn about methods to conserve soil and prevent erosion in various geographical areas.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Resource Classification
  • Renewable Resources
  • Non-renewable Resources
  • Land Degradation
  • Causes of Land Degradation
  • Soil Types in India
  • Black Soil
  • Alluvial Soil
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil Conservation
  • Terrace Cultivation
  • Resources and Development

Important topics

  • Classification of Resources
  • Causes of Land Degradation
  • Characteristics of Black Soil
  • Characteristics of Alluvial Soil
  • Methods of Soil Conservation

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Questions and Solutions

Question 1

Multiple choice questions:

(i). Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore?

  1. Renewable
  2. Flow
  3. Biotic
  4. Non-renewable

(ii). Under which one of the following types of resource can tidal energy be put?

  1. Replenishable
  2. Abiotic
  3. Human-made
  4. Non-recyclable

(iii). Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

  1. Intensive cultivation
  2. Over irrigation
  3. Deforestation
  4. Overgrazing

(iv). In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

  1. Punjab
  2. Haryana
  3. Plains of Uttar Pradesh
  4. Uttarakhand

(v). In which of the following states is black soil found?

  1. Jammu and Kashmir
  2. Gujarat
  3. Rajasthan
  4. Odisha

Solution:

(i) The correct option is (d) Non-renewable. Iron ore is a mineral resource that exists in finite quantities and cannot be regenerated within a human timescale once depleted.

(ii) The correct option is (a) Replenishable. Tidal energy is derived from the movement of tides, which is a natural process that occurs continuously, making it a replenishable or renewable resource.

(iii) The correct option is (b) Over irrigation. In Punjab, excessive irrigation has led to waterlogging and salinization of the soil, which are primary causes of land degradation in the state.

(iv) The correct option is (d) Uttarakhand. Terrace cultivation is a method of farming on stepped slopes, which is commonly practised in hilly and mountainous regions like Uttarakhand to prevent soil erosion and conserve water.

(v) The correct option is (b) Gujarat. Black soil, also known as Regur soil, is extensively found in Gujarat, along with other states like Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, due to its suitability for cotton cultivation.

Question 2

Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i). Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

(ii). What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

(iii). What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Solution:

(i) Black soil is predominantly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. The crop mainly grown in these areas on black soil is cotton, for which this soil is highly suitable.

(ii) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Its three main features are: it is highly fertile, rich in potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, and possesses a high water retention capacity, making it ideal for agriculture.

(iii) To control soil erosion in hilly areas, effective steps include practicing terrace farming, which involves creating steps on slopes to slow down water runoff, and planting shelter belts of trees to reduce wind erosion.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing the classification of resources.
  • Not accurately identifying the primary cause of land degradation in specific regions.
  • Misidentifying soil types or their characteristics.
  • Incomplete answers regarding soil conservation techniques.

Revision tips

  • Review the definitions and examples of renewable and non-renewable resources.
  • Focus on the specific causes of land degradation mentioned for different states.
  • Memorize the key characteristics and crops associated with black and alluvial soils.
  • Understand the practical methods suggested for soil erosion control in hilly areas.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

Q2. What is the primary cause of land degradation in the plains of Punjab?

Q3. Terrace cultivation is a method to control soil erosion, commonly practiced in which type of region?

Q4. Black soil is particularly suitable for the cultivation of which major crop?

Q5. Alluvial soil, found in river deltas, is characterized by its:

Frequently asked questions

What are the main types of resources discussed in this chapter?

The chapter discusses resources classified mainly as renewable (like tidal energy) and non-renewable (like iron ore), based on their ability to be replenished.

What causes land degradation in Punjab according to the NCERT Solutions?

According to the solutions, over-irrigation is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab, leading to issues like waterlogging and salinization.

Which soil type is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast of India?

Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. It is known for its high fertility and rich content of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime.

How can soil erosion be controlled in hilly areas?

Soil erosion in hilly areas can be controlled by implementing methods such as terrace farming and planting shelter belts.

What is the significance of black soil in India?

Black soil is significant because it is highly suitable for growing crops like cotton, and it is found in states such as Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.

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