CBSE Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts II: Chapter 10 - Eighteenth-Century Political Formations NCERT Solutions

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This chapter delves into the significant political transformations that occurred in India during the eighteenth century, following the decline of the Mughal Empire. The NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, Chapter 10, "Eighteenth-Century Political Formations," provide detailed explanations and answers to the exercises. Students will learn about the rise of new regional powers, the roles of influential figures like the Marathas and Sikhs, and the establishment of independent states such as Awadh and Hyderabad. The solutions cover key terms, historical events, and the administrative structures that emerged during this dynamic period. By studying these solutions, students can gain a clear understanding of the complex political landscape of eighteenth-century India and prepare effectively for their examinations.

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BoardCBSE
ClassClass 7
SubjectSocial Science Our Pasts II
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterChapter 10

Chapter summary

Chapter 10 of CBSE Class 7 Social Science, "Eighteenth-Century Political Formations," focuses on the period after the Mughal Empire's decline. The NCERT Solutions explain the emergence of regional states, the Maratha confederacy, and the role of Sikh misls. It covers key figures and events that shaped the political map of India, offering insights into the administrative and military structures of the time. These solutions are designed to help students grasp the fundamental concepts of this transitional era in Indian history.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the political landscape of India in the 18th century.
  • Identify the key regional powers that emerged after the Mughal decline.
  • Learn about the Marathas, Sikhs, and the formation of states like Awadh and Hyderabad.
  • Define and explain important terms related to 18th-century political formations.
  • Analyze the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of new states.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Decline of the Mughal Empire
  • Rise of Regional States
  • Awadh
  • Hyderabad
  • Marathas
  • Sikhs
  • Political Formations
  • Eighteenth Century India
  • Provincial Governors
  • Revenue Farming
  • Mughal Administration
  • Chauth

Important topics

  • Emergence of new states like Awadh and Hyderabad
  • The Maratha Confederacy and its expansion
  • The role of Sikh Misls
  • Key figures: Asaf Jah and Sa'adat Khan
  • The concept of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
  • Impact of Nadir Shah's invasion

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Questions and Solutions

Q.1 Match the following:

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

Subadar

Faujidar

Ijaradar

Misi

Chauth

Kunbis

Umara

a revenue farmer

a high noble

Provincial governor

A Mughal military commander

Maratha peasant warriors

A band of Sikh warriors

Tax levied by the Marathas

Solution:

Here is the correct matching of the terms:

  • Subadar - Provincial governor
  • Faujidar - A Mughal military commander
  • Ijaradar - A revenue farmer
  • Misi - A band of Sikh warriors
  • Chauth - Tax levied by the Marathas
  • Kunbis - Maratha peasant warriors
  • Umara - A high noble

Q.2 Fill in the blanks:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:
  1. Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the __________.
  2. Umara and jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal __________.
  3. Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in __________.
  4. The founder of the Awadh state was __________.
Solution:
  1. Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the Deccan. This long conflict significantly drained the Mughal treasury and military resources.
  2. Umara and jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal administration. They were influential nobles who held significant administrative and military responsibilities.
  3. Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in 1724. He was a powerful Mughal noble who asserted his independence in the Deccan region as central Mughal authority weakened.
  4. The founder of the Awadh state was Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa'adat Khan. He established a strong regional power in Awadh, taking advantage of the decline of the Mughal Empire.

Q.3 State whether true or false:

State whether the following statements are true or false:
  1. Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
  2. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
  3. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
  4. Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.
Solution:
  1. Nadir Shah invaded Bengal. False. Nadir Shah invaded Delhi in 1739, not Bengal. His invasion led to immense destruction and plunder in the Mughal capital.
  2. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore. False. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Amber (later Jaipur), not Indore. He was known for his astronomical pursuits and founded the city of Jaipur.
  3. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. True. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and final human Guru of Sikhism, known for establishing the Khalsa Panth.
  4. Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century. True. Poona rose to prominence and became the political capital of the Maratha Confederacy during the 18th century under the Peshwas.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing the roles of different officials like Subadar and Faujdar.
  • Incorrectly associating historical figures with the wrong regions or events.
  • Misunderstanding the significance of terms like 'Chauth' and 'Ijaradar'.
  • Failing to recall the correct dates or founders of new states.

Revision tips

  • Create a timeline of major political events in the 18th century.
  • Make flashcards for key terms and their definitions.
  • Practice matching exercises to reinforce the association between titles and roles.
  • Review the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of successor states.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Who was the founder of the Hyderabad state in the 18th century?

Q2. What was the primary role of an 'Ijaradar' in the 18th century?

Q3. Which of the following was NOT invaded by Nadir Shah in 1739?

Q4. Who was the founder of the Awadh state?

Q5. What does the term 'Chauth' refer to in the context of Maratha revenue?

Frequently asked questions

What is the main focus of Chapter 10, 'Eighteenth-Century Political Formations'?

This chapter focuses on the political changes in India after the decline of the Mughal Empire, including the rise of new regional powers like the Marathas and Sikhs, and the establishment of independent states such as Awadh and Hyderabad.

Who were the key figures mentioned in the formation of new states?

Key figures include Asaf Jah, who founded the Hyderabad state, and Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa'adat Khan, the founder of the Awadh state.

What does the term 'Umara' refer to in the context of the Mughal administration?

'Umara' referred to a group of high nobles within the Mughal administration, who constituted powerful sections and played a significant role.

How do these NCERT Solutions help students?

These solutions provide clear, step-by-step answers to the chapter's exercises, helping students understand complex historical concepts, revise key information, and prepare effectively for their exams.

What was the significance of the Marathas in the 18th century?

The Marathas emerged as a major political and military power in the 18th century, challenging Mughal authority and establishing their own confederacy, collecting taxes like 'Chauth'.

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