NCERT Class 9 Sanskrit Sharada: Chapter 15 — परिशिष्टम् ४
This chapter, 'शब्दरूपाणि' (Shabdaroopani), from NCERT Class 9 Sanskrit textbook 'Sharada', focuses on the declension of masculine nouns in Sanskrit. It systematically presents the various case endings (विभक्तिः) for singular (एकवचनम्), dual (द्विवचनम्), and plural (बहुवचनम्) forms. The chapter illustrates this with examples of 'न्' (n) caranta (ending in 'n') masculine nouns like 'ब्रह्मन्' (Brahman), 'गुणिन्' (Guniin), and 'पथिन्' (Pathin), as well as an 'स्' (s) caranta masculine noun, 'विद्वस्' (Vidvas). Understanding these noun declensions is crucial for comprehending Sanskrit grammar and constructing grammatically correct sentences, aiding students in their CBSE Sanskrit studies.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 9 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Sharada |
| Chapter | Chapter 15 — परिशिष्टम् ४ |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 1 minute |
| Word count | 189 |
Learning outcomes
- Identify and understand the declension patterns of masculine nouns in Sanskrit.
- Recognize the different case endings for singular, dual, and plural forms.
- Apply the declension rules to nouns ending in 'न्' (n) and 'स्' (s).
- Differentiate between the forms of 'ब्रह्मन्', 'गुणिन्', 'पथिन्', and 'विद्वस्' in various grammatical contexts.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| शब्दरूपाणि | Noun declensions |
| पुंलिङ्गः | Masculine gender |
| विभक्तिः | Case (grammatical) |
| एकवचनम् | Singular number |
| द्विवचनम् | Dual number |
| बहुवचनम् | Plural number |
| कारान्तः | Ending in a specific letter/sound |
| सम्बोधनम् | Vocative case |
| ब्रह्मन् | Brahman (a specific noun) |
| गुणिन् | Possessor of qualities (a specific noun) |
| पथिन् | Path/way (a specific noun) |
| विद्वस् | Learned/wise person (a specific noun) |
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Practice questions
- What is the plural form of 'ब्रह्मन्' in the nominative case (प्रथमा)? Answer: ब्रह्माणः
- What is the singular form of 'गुणिन्' in the instrumental case (तृतीया)? Answer: गुणिना
- How is the word 'पथिन्' declined in the genitive case (षष् ी) dual? Answer: पथोः
- What is the vocative singular form of 'विद्वस्'? Answer: हे विद्वन्
Frequently asked questions
What does 'शब्दरूपाणि' mean in Sanskrit?
'शब्दरूपाणि' means noun declensions, which are the different forms a noun takes based on its grammatical function in a sentence.
What are the types of masculine nouns discussed in this chapter?
This chapter discusses masculine nouns ending in 'न्' (n) like 'ब्रह्मन्', 'गुणिन्', 'पथिन्', and those ending in 'स्' (s) like 'विद्वस्'.
How many cases are presented for noun declension?
The chapter presents eight cases: प्रथमा (Nominative), द्वितीया (Accusative), तृतीया (Instrumental), चतुर्थी (Dative), पञचमी (Ablative), षष् ी (Genitive), सप्तमी (Locative), and सम्बोधनम् (Vocative).
What is the difference between द्विवचनम् and बहुवचनम्?
द्विवचनम् refers to the dual number (two items), while बहुवचनम् refers to the plural number (more than two items).
Give an example of a 'न्' caranta masculine noun from the chapter.
Examples include 'ब्रह्मन्', 'गुणिन्', and 'पथिन्'.
What is the vocative form used for?
The vocative case (सम्बोधनम्) is used for addressing someone or something.
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NCERT Class 9 Sanskrit — Sharada — Chapter 15 — परिशिष्टम् ४. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.