NCERT Class 7 Social Science Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-II: Chapter 4 — Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries
This chapter, "Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries," explores a significant transitional period in Indian history. It contrasts with earlier invasions, detailing deeper penetrations by Turkic powers into North India despite local resistance. The chapter highlights both the destructive nature of these invasions, exemplified by the Somnath temple's plunder, and the resilience of Indian rulers who fought back, conducted naval expeditions, and built remarkable monuments. It also acknowledges the flourishing of arts, architecture, literature, and science during this era, with notable figures contributing to enduring works. The chapter aims to provide a glimpse into key events, influential figures, and significant accomplishments of the 11th and 12th centuries in India, emphasizing the nation's enduring spirit.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 7 |
| Subject | Social Science |
| Book | Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-II |
| Chapter | Chapter 4 — Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries |
| Language | English |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 3 minutes |
| Word count | 412 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the 11th and 12th centuries as a period of transition in Indian history.
- Identify new powers that emerged during this period.
- Recognize key accomplishments in art, architecture, literature, and science.
- Appreciate the resilience of Indian kingdoms against invasions.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Turkic | Refers to peoples, languages, and cultures historically associated with a vast region stretching across Central Asia, all the way to Turkey and Siberia. |
| Transition | A period of change or movement from one state or condition to another. |
| Invasions | Acts of entering a country or region by force, especially for conquest. |
| Upheavals | Sudden or violent changes or disturbances. |
| Vigour | Physical strength and good health; energy and enthusiasm. |
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Practice questions
- Why are the 11th and 12th centuries considered a period of transition in Indian history? Answer: These centuries are seen as a transition due to significant invasions by Turkic powers, the emergence of new kingdoms, and notable developments in art, architecture, and science, alongside resistance from native rulers.
- What does the term 'Turkic' refer to? Answer: 'Turkic' refers to peoples, languages, and cultures from a vast region across Central Asia, extending to Turkey and Siberia.
- Name one significant event that occurred in 1026. Answer: In 1026, Mahmūd destroyed and plundered the Somnath temple.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main theme of NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 4?
The chapter 'Turning Tides' focuses on the 11th and 12th centuries in India, highlighting significant historical transitions, invasions, and cultural achievements.
Which Turkic ruler is mentioned in relation to the Somnath temple?
Mahmūd of Ghazni is mentioned in relation to the destruction and plunder of the Somnath temple in 1026.
What kind of accomplishments are discussed in this chapter?
The chapter discusses high accomplishments in art, architecture, literature, and science during the 11th and 12th centuries.
What does the term 'Turkic' mean in the context of this chapter?
'Turkic' refers to peoples, languages, and cultures from Central Asia and regions extending to Turkey and Siberia.
What was the nature of invasions during the 11th and 12th centuries compared to earlier periods?
Unlike earlier attempts, Turkic invasions during the 11th and 12th centuries penetrated much deeper into North India.
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Topics covered
NCERT Class 7 Social Science — Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-II — Chapter 4 — Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.