NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi: Chapter 7 — सप्तम अध् यायय
This chapter, 'अव्ययय' (Avyaya) from NCERT's Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi, introduces the concept of indeclinable words in Sanskrit. These are words that remain unchanged regardless of gender, number, or case endings. The chapter provides a comprehensive list of common Avyaya words with their meanings. Examples include 'अचिरम्' (soon), 'ययावत्' (as long as), 'तावत्' (then), 'सहसा' (suddenly), 'श्व:' (tomorrow), 'ह्य:' (yesterday), 'शनै: शनै:' (slowly), 'अत्र' (here), and 'अद्य' (today). Understanding Avyaya words is crucial for comprehending Sanskrit grammar and constructing grammatically correct sentences, aiding students in their CBSE Sanskrit studies.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Vyakaranavithi |
| Chapter | Chapter 7 — सप्तम अध् यायय |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 1 minute |
| Word count | 181 |
Learning outcomes
- Define and identify Avyaya words in Sanskrit.
- Understand the grammatical significance of indeclinable words.
- Recognize the unchanging nature of Avyaya across different grammatical contexts.
- Learn the meanings of common Avyaya words.
- Apply knowledge of Avyaya in sentence construction.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| अव्ययय | Indeclinable word (unchanging) |
| अचिरम् | Soon |
| ययावत् | As long as |
| तावत् | Then |
| सहसा | Suddenly |
| श्व: | Tomorrow |
| ह्य: | Yesterday |
| शनै: शनै: | Slowly |
| अत्र | Here |
| अद्य | Today |
| अलम् | Enough, sufficient (with genitive/dative); Prohibition (with instrumental) |
| इति | Thus, so; End |
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Practice questions
- संस् कृत में अव्ययय किसे कहते हैं? Answer: संस् कृत के वे शब्द जो सर्वददा एक जैसे ही रहते हैं (जिनमें विभक् ति, वचन तथा लिङ््ग के आधार पर कोई परवर्तन नहीं होता है।) उन्हें अव्ययय कहते हैं।
- 'श्व:' का क्या अर्थ है? Answer: 'श्व:' का अर्थ है आने वाला कल।
- 'अत्र' का अर्थ बताइए। Answer: 'अत्र' का अर्थ है यहाँ।
- निम्नलिखित अव्ययय का अर्थ लिखें: शनै: शनै: Answer: शनै: शनै: का अर्थ है धीरे-धीरे।
- क्या अव्ययय शब्द लिंग, वचन और विभक्ति के अनुसार बदलते हैं? Answer: नहीं, अव्ययय शब्द लिंग, वचन और विभक्ति के अनुसार नहीं बदलते हैं।
Frequently asked questions
What is the meaning of 'अव्ययय' in Sanskrit?
'अव्ययय' refers to indeclinable words in Sanskrit, which do not change their form regardless of gender, number, or case.
Can you give examples of Avyaya words?
Yes, common examples include 'अचिरम्' (soon), 'ययावत्' (as long as), 'तावत्' (then), 'सहसा' (suddenly), 'श्व:' (tomorrow), 'ह्य:' (yesterday), 'शनै: शनै:' (slowly), 'अत्र' (here), and 'अद्य' (today).
Do Avyaya words change with gender, number, or case?
No, the defining characteristic of Avyaya words is that they remain constant and do not change with gender, number, or case.
What is the meaning of 'अद्य'?
'अद्य' means 'today'.
What is the meaning of 'ह्य:'?
'ह्य:' means 'yesterday'.
What is the meaning of 'अलम्'?
'अलम्' can mean 'enough' or 'sufficient' when used with the genitive or dative case, and it signifies prohibition when used with the instrumental case.
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NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit — Vyakaranavithi — Chapter 7 — सप्तम अध् यायय. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.