NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi: Chapter 8 — प्रत्ययय
This chapter, 'प्रत्ययय' (Suffixes) from NCERT's Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi, introduces the concept of suffixes in Sanskrit grammar. It explains that suffixes are word parts added after a root word or verb. The chapter categorizes suffixes into three main types: Kr̥t (कृत्) suffixes, which are added to verbs to form nouns, adjectives, or indeclinables; Taddhita (तद्धित) suffixes, added to nouns; and Strī (स्त्री) suffixes, used to change masculine to feminine gender. It details the usage of Kr̥t suffixes for forming indeclinables ('क्त्वावा', 'ल्ययप्', 'तुमुन्'), adjectives ('शतृ', 'शानच्', 'तव्यत्', 'अनीयर्', 'यत्'), past tense ('क्त', 'क्तवतु'), and nouns ('तृच्', 'क्तिन्', 'णवुल्', 'ल्युयुट्'). The chapter specifically elaborates on the 'क्त्वावा' suffix, used to indicate a prior action, providing numerous examples and explaining its indeclinable nature. It also briefly introduces the 'ल्ययप्' suffix for similar contexts when a prefix is present.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Vyakaranavithi |
| Chapter | Chapter 8 — प्रत्ययय |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 3 minutes |
| Word count | 468 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the definition and types of suffixes in Sanskrit.
- Identify and use Kr̥t suffixes to form indeclinables, adjectives, and nouns.
- Learn the formation and usage of the 'क्त्वावा' suffix for prior actions.
- Recognize the role of prefixes in conjunction with suffixes like 'ल्ययप्'.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| प्रत्ययय | Suffix |
| कृत् | Suffix added to verbs |
| तद्धित | Suffix added to nouns |
| स्त्री | Suffix to change gender to feminine |
| क्त्वावा | Suffix indicating a prior action (indeclinable) |
| ल्ययप् | Suffix indicating a prior action, used with prefixes |
| तुमुन् | Suffix indicating purpose (infinitive) |
| शतृ | Present participle suffix |
| शानच् | Present participle suffix (used with passive/intransitive verbs) |
| तव्यत् | Suffix indicating obligation ('should be done') |
| अनीयर् | Suffix indicating obligation ('should be done') |
| क्त | Past passive participle suffix |
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Practice questions
- What are Kr̥t suffixes? Answer: Kr̥t suffixes are those added to verbs to form nouns, adjectives, or indeclinables.
- When is the 'क्त्वावा' suffix used? Answer: The 'क्त्वावा' suffix is used to express a prior action performed before the main verb.
- Give an example of a word formed with the 'क्त्वावा' suffix. Answer: कृ + क्त्वावा = कृत्वा (having done).
- What is the difference between 'क्त्वावा' and 'ल्ययप्'? Answer: Both indicate a prior action. 'ल्ययप्' is used when the verb root is preceded by a prefix, while 'क्त्वावा' is used otherwise.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main topic of NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi Chapter 1?
Chapter 1 of Vyakaranavithi focuses on Sanskrit suffixes, particularly Kr̥t suffixes.
What are the three main categories of suffixes mentioned?
The chapter mentions Kr̥t suffixes (added to verbs), Taddhita suffixes (added to nouns), and Strī suffixes (for gender change).
What is the function of the 'क्त्वावा' suffix?
The 'क्त्वावा' suffix is used to indicate an action that was completed before another action.
When is the 'ल्ययप्' suffix used instead of 'क्त्वावा'?
The 'ल्ययप्' suffix is used when the verb root is preceded by a prefix, to indicate a prior action.
Can suffixes form different parts of speech in Sanskrit?
Yes, Kr̥t suffixes can be used to form nouns, adjectives, and indeclinables from verbs.
Is the word formed by 'क्त्वावा' a verb or an indeclinable?
Words formed with the 'क्त्वावा' suffix function as indeclinables, meaning their form does not change.
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NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit — Vyakaranavithi — Chapter 8 — प्रत्ययय. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.