NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi: Chapter 5 — धातुरूप सामान्य परिचय
This chapter, 'Dhaturup Samanya Parichay' (General Introduction to Verb Forms), from NCERT's Vyakaranavithi for Class 10 Sanskrit, introduces the fundamental concept of verbs and roots. A verb (क्रिया) signifies an action, and its basic form is called a root (धातु). Sanskrit literature categorizes these roots into 10 classes (गण), named after the first root in each class, such as 'Bhuadi' (from 'Bhu') and 'Churadi' (from 'Chur'). The chapter further explains that roots can be of three types: Parasmaipada (for actions benefiting others), Atmanepada (for actions benefiting the self), and Ubhayapada (both). It also briefly mentions the ten tenses (लकार) in Sanskrit grammar, starting with Lat Lakar for the present tense. This foundational understanding is crucial for comprehending Sanskrit sentence structure and verb conjugations in CBSE curriculum.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Vyakaranavithi |
| Chapter | Chapter 5 — धातुरूप सामान्य परिचय |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 345 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the definition of verb (क्रिया) and root (धातु) in Sanskrit.
- Identify the 10 ganas (classes) of Sanskrit roots.
- Differentiate between Parasmaipada, Atmanepada, and Ubhayapada verbs.
- Recognize the purpose of different tenses (लकार) in Sanskrit grammar.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| क्रिया | Verb (action word) |
| धातु | Root of a verb |
| गण | Class (of verbs) |
| परस्मैपद | Verb form used when the action benefits another |
| आत्मनेपद | Verb form used when the action benefits the self |
| उभयपद | Verb form that can be both Parasmaipada and Atmanepada |
| लकार | Tense in Sanskrit grammar |
| लट् लकार | Present tense |
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Practice questions
- संस्कृत में क्रिया के मूलरूप को क्या कहते हैं? Answer: धातु
- धातुओं को कितने गणों में विभाजित किया गया है? Answer: 10 गणों में
- परस्मैपद और आत्मनेपद में क्या अंतर है? Answer: परस्मैपद में क्रिया का फल कर्ता से भिन्न को प्राप्त होता है, जबकि आत्मनेपद में क्रिया का फल कर्ता को ही प्राप्त होता है।
- वर्तमान काल को व्यक्त करने के लिए किस लकार का प्रयोग होता है? Answer: लट् लकार
Frequently asked questions
What is a Dhatu in Sanskrit?
A Dhatu is the root form of a verb in Sanskrit, representing the basic meaning of an action.
How are Sanskrit verbs classified?
Sanskrit verbs (Dhatus) are classified into 10 Ganas (classes) and further categorized into three types: Parasmaipada, Atmanepada, and Ubhayapada.
What is the basis for naming the 10 Ganas?
The Ganas are named after the first Dhatu that appears in that particular class, for example, 'Bhuadi Gana' is named after the root 'Bhu'.
What is the difference between Parasmaipada and Atmanepada verbs?
Parasmaipada verbs are used when the result of the action benefits someone other than the doer, while Atmanepada verbs are used when the result of the action benefits the doer themselves.
What is Lat Lakar?
Lat Lakar is the tense used in Sanskrit grammar to express the present time or present tense.
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NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit — Vyakaranavithi — Chapter 5 — धातुरूप सामान्य परिचय. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.