CBSE Class 10 Social Science: Minerals and Energy Resources NCERT Solutions

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 10 PDF

This chapter, Minerals and Energy Resources, from CBSE Class 10 Social Science (Contemporary India – II) delves into the essential natural resources that power our world and form the basis of industrial development. The NCERT Solutions provide clear explanations and answers to key questions about the formation, types, distribution, and conservation of minerals. It covers topics like ferrous and non-ferrous minerals, the role of different rock types in mineral formation, and the importance of energy resources, both conventional and non-conventional. These solutions are designed to help students grasp the fundamental concepts, understand the geographical significance of various minerals and energy sources, and prepare effectively for their examinations by offering detailed, step-by-step answers and explanations.

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Quick info

BoardCBSE
ClassClass 10
SubjectSocial Science
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterGeography (Contemporary India – II) - Minerals and Energy Resources

Chapter summary

Chapter 5 of NCERT's Contemporary India – II for Class 10 Social Science focuses on Minerals and Energy Resources. The solutions cover the definition and formation of minerals, distinguishing between ferrous and non-ferrous types. It also explains the classification of energy resources into conventional and non-conventional, highlighting their sources and importance. The exercises address the distribution of key minerals and the necessity of resource conservation, providing students with a foundational understanding of these vital components of the Earth's crust and economy.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the definition and formation of minerals.
  • Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
  • Identify conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
  • Explain the role of different rock types in mineral deposition.
  • Recognize the importance of mineral and energy resource conservation.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Minerals: Definition and Formation
  • Ferrous Minerals
  • Non-ferrous Minerals
  • Minerals in Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
  • Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks
  • Distribution of Minerals
  • Energy Resources
  • Conventional Energy Sources
  • Non-conventional Energy Sources
  • Conservation of Minerals
  • Monazite Sand
  • Bauxite Formation

Important topics

  • Ferrous vs. Non-ferrous Minerals
  • Conventional vs. Non-conventional Energy
  • Mineral Formation in Rocks
  • Importance of Mineral Conservation
  • Key Mineral Distribution (e.g., Mica)

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Questions and Solutions

Multiple choice questions

(i). Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?

  1. coal
  2. bauxite
  3. zinc
Solution: The correct option is (b) bauxite. Bauxite is an ore that forms when rocks undergo decomposition due to weathering, leaving behind a residual deposit of weathered material from which bauxite is extracted.

(ii). Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?

  1. bauxite
  2. mica
  3. iron ore
  4. copper
Solution: The correct option is (b) mica. The Koderma district in Jharkhand is renowned for being the largest producer of mica in India, a mineral vital for the electrical and electronics industries.

(iii). Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?

  1. sedimentary rocks
  2. metamorphic rocks
  3. igneous rocks
  4. none of the above
Solution: The correct option is (a) sedimentary rocks. Minerals are often found deposited in layers, known as stratas, within sedimentary rocks, which are formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral and organic particles.

(iv). Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?

  1. oil
  2. uranium
  3. thorium
  4. coal
Solution: The correct option is (c) thorium. Monazite sand is a valuable source of rare earth elements and thorium, a radioactive element with potential applications in nuclear energy.

Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i). Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.

  1. Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
  2. Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Solution:
  1. Ferrous minerals contain iron (e.g., iron ore, manganese), while non-ferrous minerals do not (e.g., bauxite, copper).
  2. Conventional energy sources are exhaustible and often polluting (e.g., coal, petroleum). Non-conventional sources are typically inexhaustible and cleaner (e.g., solar, wind).

(ii). What is a mineral?

Solution: A mineral is a naturally occurring, homogeneous substance with a specific chemical composition and a defined internal structure. Minerals are the basic building blocks of rocks, and their extraction can be economically significant.

(iii). How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

Solution: In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals are often formed when molten or gaseous materials are forced upwards into cracks and fissures. As these materials cool and solidify, they form veins or lodes containing various minerals.

(iv). Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?

Solution: Mineral resources must be conserved because they are finite and non-renewable; their formation takes millions of years. Continued extraction leads to depletion, increasing costs, and decreasing quality and quantity, necessitating sustainable use.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing ferrous and non-ferrous mineral definitions.
  • Difficulty in distinguishing between conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
  • Not understanding the geological processes of mineral formation in different rock types.
  • Underestimating the need for mineral resource conservation.

Revision tips

  • Create flashcards for key minerals and their locations.
  • Draw diagrams to illustrate mineral formation in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
  • Make a table comparing conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
  • Focus on the 'why' behind conservation – understand the reasons for limited resources.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which type of rock is primarily associated with the deposition of minerals in stratas?

Q2. Koderma, located in Jharkhand, is a major producer of which mineral?

Q3. Which of the following is a non-ferrous mineral?

Q4. The mineral found in Monazite sand, known for its radioactive properties, is:

Q5. Which energy source is considered non-conventional and generally non-polluting?

Frequently asked questions

What is the main difference between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals?

Ferrous minerals contain iron, such as iron ore and manganese. Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron, like bauxite, copper, and gold.

How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals form when molten or gaseous materials are forced into cracks, cool, and solidify into veins or lodes.

What are the examples of conventional and non-conventional energy sources?

Conventional sources include coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which are exhaustible. Non-conventional sources are renewable and non-polluting, like solar, wind, and tidal energy.

Why is it important to conserve mineral resources?

Mineral resources are finite and take millions of years to form. Conservation is crucial because their extraction becomes increasingly costly and their availability decreases over time.

What is Monazite sand known for?

Monazite sand is significant because it contains thorium, a radioactive element that has potential uses in energy production.

Which mineral is primarily found in Koderma, Jharkhand?

Koderma, Jharkhand, is the leading producer of mica.

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