CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography: Agriculture NCERT Solutions

Reviewed by NCERT Help Editorial Team · Updated on 29 Jul 2026

NCERT Solutions PDF Class 10 PDF

This chapter delves into the critical topic of Agriculture, a cornerstone of India's economy and society. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Contemporary India – II), Chapter 4, provide a detailed exploration of various agricultural practices, crop types, and the geographical conditions necessary for their cultivation. Students will learn about different farming systems, including plantation agriculture, and understand the significance of staple crops like rice and beverage crops like tea. The solutions also cover essential government initiatives aimed at supporting farmers, such as Minimum Support Price (MSP) and crop insurance. These solutions are designed to help students grasp the complexities of agriculture in India, preparing them effectively for their examinations by offering clear explanations and structured answers.

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Quick info

Board	CBSE
Class	Class 10
Subject	Social Science
Session	2026
Language	English
Type	NCERT Solutions
Chapter	Geography (Contemporary India – II) - Agriculture

Chapter summary

Chapter 4 of NCERT's Contemporary India – II focuses on Agriculture. These solutions cover key concepts like different types of farming (including plantation agriculture), major crops (rabi, kharif, beverage, and staple crops), and the geographical conditions required for their growth. It also highlights government reforms and policies designed to support farmers, such as MSP and crop insurance. The exercises are designed to test understanding of crop classification and agricultural economics.

Learning outcomes

Identify different types of agriculture, including plantation agriculture.
Distinguish between Rabi and Kharif crops.
Recognize important beverage and staple crops of India.
Understand the geographical conditions required for growing specific crops like tea.
Explain the role of government policies like Minimum Support Price (MSP) in supporting farmers.

Topics covered

Paper topics

Types of Farming
Plantation Agriculture
Rabi Crops
Kharif Crops
Leguminous Crops
Beverage Crops (Tea)
Staple Crops (Rice)
Geographical Conditions for Crops
Institutional Reforms in Agriculture
Minimum Support Price (MSP)
Crop Insurance
Government Policies for Farmers

Important topics

Types of Farming
Major Crops and their Cultivation
Geographical Conditions for Crops
Government Reforms and Policies
Minimum Support Price (MSP)

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Questions and Solutions

Multiple choice questions

(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?

(a) Shifting Agriculture

(b) Plantation Agriculture

(d) Intensive Agriculture

Solution: The correct option is (b) Plantation Agriculture. This system is characterized by large-scale cultivation of a single crop, such as tea, coffee, or rubber, over an extensive area, often for commercial purposes.

(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?

(a) Rice

(b) Gram

(d) Cotton

Solution: The correct option is (b) Gram. Rabi crops are typically sown in the winter season (October to December) and harvested in the summer (April to June). Gram, wheat, barley, and peas are common examples.

(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?

(a) Pulses

(b) Jawar

(d) Sesamum

Solution: The correct option is (a) Pulses. Leguminous crops are plants that bear fruit in pods, such as peas, beans, and lentils. They are important sources of protein and enrich the soil with nitrogen.

(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?

Maximum support price
Minimum support price
Moderate support price
Influential support price

Solution: The correct option is (b) Minimum support price. The government announces a Minimum Support Price (MSP) to ensure that farmers receive a fair price for their produce, protecting them from market fluctuations.

Question 2

(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.

Solution: Tea is a significant beverage crop. For its optimal growth, the tea plant requires a tropical or subtropical climate. It also needs deep, fertile, and well-drained soil that is rich in humus and organic matter. Consistent rainfall throughout the year is also beneficial.

(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.

Solution: Rice is a primary staple food crop in India. It is extensively cultivated in the fertile plains of northern and north-eastern India, as well as in the coastal areas and the deltaic regions where water availability is abundant.

(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.

Solution: The Indian government has introduced several institutional reform programmes to support farmers. These include:

The policy of Minimum Support Price (MSP) to guarantee remunerative prices.
Provision for crop insurance to mitigate risks from crop failure.
Subsidies on agricultural inputs like power and fertilizers to reduce costs.
Establishment of financial institutions like Grameen banks for rural credit.
Introduction of schemes such as the Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) to provide financial security and access to credit.

Common mistakes

Confusing different types of farming systems.
Incorrectly classifying crops into Rabi or Kharif categories.
Not being able to recall the specific geographical conditions for crop cultivation.
Misunderstanding the purpose of government support prices for crops.

Revision tips

Create flashcards for crop types, their seasons, and growing conditions.
Draw a mind map connecting different farming practices to their outcomes.
Focus on understanding the 'why' behind government policies like MSP.
Practice identifying staple and beverage crops and their regions of cultivation.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which type of agriculture involves growing a single crop over a large area, often for commercial purposes?

Q2. Which of the following is classified as a Rabi crop?

Q3. Pulses are considered which type of crop due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen?

Q4. What is the primary purpose of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) announced by the government?

Q5. Which geographical conditions are essential for the cultivation of tea?

Frequently asked questions

What is the main focus of the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4: Agriculture?

These solutions focus on understanding different types of farming, major crops grown in India, the geographical conditions required for their cultivation, and the government's role in supporting farmers through various policies and reforms.

What is plantation agriculture as explained in these solutions?

Plantation agriculture is a system where a single crop, such as tea, coffee, or rubber, is grown over a large area. It requires significant capital investment and managerial expertise.

How do the solutions differentiate between Rabi and Kharif crops?

The solutions help differentiate by explaining that Rabi crops are sown in winter (e.g., Gram) and harvested in summer, while Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested in autumn.

What does 'Minimum Support Price' (MSP) mean in the context of agriculture?

Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a price announced by the government for agricultural produce, acting as a safety net to ensure farmers receive a minimum remunerative price for their crops.

Which staple crop is highlighted in the solutions, and where is it primarily grown?

Rice is highlighted as a staple crop of India. It is primarily produced in the plains of north and north-east India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions.

What are some institutional reforms mentioned for farmers?

The solutions list institutional reforms such as the Minimum Support Price policy, crop insurance, subsidies on agricultural inputs, and credit facilities like Grameen banks and Kissan Credit Card.

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