CBSE Class 7 Science Exemplar Chapter 11: Transportation in Animals and Plants NCERT Solutions

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 7 PDF

This chapter delves into the crucial processes of transportation in living organisms, covering both animals and plants. The NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Exemplar Chapter 11 explain how vital substances like nutrients, water, and waste products are moved within the body. Key topics include the human excretory system, the role of blood vessels, and the mechanisms of water and food transport in plants. These solutions break down complex concepts into understandable steps, making them an excellent resource for students to grasp the fundamental principles of transportation in biology and reinforce their learning for examinations.

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Quick info

BoardCBSE
ClassClass 7
SubjectScience Exemplar
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterChapter 11

Chapter summary

Chapter 11 focuses on the transportation systems in animals and plants. It covers the excretory system in humans, including the function of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. For plants, it explains the roles of xylem and phloem in transporting water, minerals, and food. The solutions clarify concepts like capillary exchange, sweat gland function, and the forces driving water transport in tall trees.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the function of the human excretory system.
  • Identify the components of the excretory system and their roles.
  • Explain the process of nutrient absorption and gas exchange in capillaries.
  • Describe the transport of water and minerals in plants via xylem.
  • Explain the transport of food in plants via phloem.
  • Recognize the role of sweat glands in excretion.
  • Understand the mechanism of water transport in tall trees.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Transportation in Animals
  • Human Excretory System
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Urethra
  • Sweat Glands
  • Transportation in Plants
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
  • Capillaries
  • Blood Circulation

Important topics

  • Human Excretory System Function
  • Role of Capillaries in Exchange
  • Xylem vs. Phloem Function
  • Mechanism of Water Transport in Plants
  • Waste Excretion in Aquatic Animals

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Questions and Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions - 1

1. The muscular tube through which stored urine is passed out of the body is called –
  1. kidney
  2. ureter
  3. urethra
  4. urinary bladder
Solution: The correct option is (c) urethra. The urethra is a muscular tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. It serves as the final passage for urine to be expelled from the body. The kidneys produce urine, which travels down the ureters to the urinary bladder for storage, and is then eliminated through the urethra.

Multiple Choice Questions - 2

2. They are pipe-like, consisting of a group of specialized cells. They transport substances and form a two-way traffic in plants. Which of the following terms qualify for the features mentioned above?
  1. Xylem tissue
  2. Vascular tissue
  3. Root hairs
  4. Phloem tissue
Solution: The correct option is (d) Phloem tissue. Phloem tissue is composed of specialized cells, including sieve tubes, which are responsible for transporting food (sugars produced during photosynthesis) from the leaves to other parts of the plant. This transport can occur in both upward and downward directions, hence described as 'two-way traffic'. Xylem, in contrast, primarily transports water and minerals upwards.

Multiple Choice Questions - 3

3. The absorption of nutrients and exchange of respiratory gases between blood and tissues takes place in –
  1. veins
  2. arteries
  3. heart
  4. capillaries
Solution: The correct option is (d) capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, forming a network that connects arterioles and venules. Their walls are extremely thin (often just one cell thick), which facilitates the efficient exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissue cells.

Multiple Choice Questions - 4

4. In which of the following parts of human body are sweat glands absent?
  1. Scalp
  2. Armpits
  3. Lips
  4. Palms
Solution: The correct option is (c) Lips. Sweat glands are specialized structures in the skin that produce sweat to help regulate body temperature through evaporation. While they are present in abundance on areas like the scalp, armpits, and palms, they are absent on the lips.

Multiple Choice Questions - 5

5. In a tall tree, which force is responsible for pulling water and minerals from the soil?
  1. Gravitational force
  2. Transportation force
  3. Suction force
  4. Conduction force
Solution: The correct option is (c) Suction force. The continuous evaporation of water from the surface of leaves, a process called transpiration, creates a negative pressure or suction force. This force pulls water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots through the xylem vessels, enabling the transport of these essential substances to all parts of the tall tree, even against gravity.

Multiple Choice Questions - 6

6. Aquatic animals like fish excrete their wastes in gaseous form as
  1. Oxygen
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Ammonia
  4. Nitrogen
Solution: The correct option is (c) Ammonia. Aquatic animals, particularly fish, excrete their primary nitrogenous waste product, ammonia, directly into the surrounding water. Ammonia is highly toxic and soluble, making it suitable for excretion in an aquatic environment where it can be quickly diluted.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing the roles of different parts of the excretory system (e.g., ureter vs. urethra).
  • Misidentifying the tissue responsible for food transport in plants.
  • Not understanding the function of capillaries in exchange.
  • Confusing the direction of transport in xylem and phloem.
  • Incorrectly identifying where sweat glands are absent.

Revision tips

  • Draw diagrams of the human excretory system and plant vascular tissues.
  • Create flashcards for key terms like ureter, urethra, xylem, and phloem.
  • Focus on understanding the 'why' behind each process, not just memorizing facts.
  • Practice explaining the transport mechanisms in your own words.
  • Review the functions of different blood vessels, especially capillaries.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which part of the human excretory system is a muscular tube that expels stored urine from the body?

Q2. Which plant tissue is described as pipe-like, consisting of specialized cells, and forms a two-way traffic for transporting substances?

Q3. Where does the crucial exchange of respiratory gases and the absorption of nutrients between blood and body tissues occur?

Q4. In humans, sweat glands, which help in excretion, are notably absent from which of the following body parts?

Q5. What is the primary force responsible for drawing water and dissolved minerals upwards from the soil into the roots and then up a tall tree?

Q6. Aquatic animals, such as fish, often excrete their nitrogenous wastes in a soluble form. What is this waste product typically?

Frequently asked questions

What is the main function of the human excretory system covered in this chapter?

The human excretory system's main function is to remove metabolic waste products, such as urea, from the blood and excrete them from the body as urine. This process helps maintain the body's chemical balance.

How does water move up in tall trees according to the solutions?

Water moves up in tall trees primarily due to a 'suction force' created by the evaporation of water from the leaves (transpiration pull). This force draws water and minerals from the soil up through the xylem.

What is the difference between xylem and phloem in plants?

Xylem primarily transports water and minerals from the roots upwards. Phloem transports prepared food (sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant, which can be in both upward and downward directions.

Why are capillaries important for nutrient and gas exchange?

Capillaries have extremely thin walls, allowing for rapid and efficient diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues.

Where are sweat glands absent in the human body?

According to the provided solutions, sweat glands are absent in the lips, although they are present in other areas like the scalp, armpits, and palms.

How do these NCERT Solutions help in preparing for exams?

These solutions provide clear, rewritten explanations for each question, breaking down complex biological processes. They help students understand the concepts thoroughly, identify key terms, and practice answering questions accurately, which is crucial for exam preparation.

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