CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7: Federalism NCERT Solutions

The following events can be identified with the functioning of federalism:

1. Event 1: This event signifies federalism because it involves the Centre, a State government (West Bengal), and a regional group reaching a settlement that grants greater autonomy. The involvement of multiple levels of government in decision-making is a hallmark of federalism.
2. Event 2: This demonstrates federalism as the Centre is responding to the needs of rain-ravaged states by asking for detailed plans for reconstruction and relief. This highlights the cooperative aspect between the central and state governments in addressing crises.
3. Event 3: While the transfer of an officer is an administrative function, in a federal system, such transfers often involve coordination between the Centre and states, especially for All India Services officers. This inter-governmental administrative coordination can be seen as part of the broader functioning of federalism.
4. Event 4: Education is on the concurrent list in India. The establishment of Central Universities, with the promise of more in North Eastern states, shows the Centre's role in a subject that can be managed at both central and state levels, reflecting federal principles.
5. Event 5: This is an example of federalism because the Centre is releasing funds to a state (Arunachal Pradesh) under a specific scheme (rural water supply). This financial assistance and scheme implementation by the Centre for states is a common feature of federal governance.
6. Event 6: This event cannot be identified with federalism. The actions described, involving threats and disruption by a regional group against people from other regions, do not promote the spirit of cooperation, fraternity, or mutual respect essential for a federal system.
7. Event 7: This event pertains to the internal political dynamics of a state, specifically the demand for the dismissal of a state government based on alleged mismanagement. While the Governor is an appointee of the Centre, the core issue is state governance, which falls under the purview of state-level politics within the federal structure. It reflects the functioning of state governments.
8. Event 8: This event describes the Bihar government appealing to naxalites and addressing unemployment. This is primarily a function of the state government in maintaining law and order and promoting development within its territory. While the Centre may provide support, the primary responsibility and action lie with the state, showcasing state-level governance within the federal framework.

1. Statement 1: Correct. Federalism promotes interaction among people from different regions by ensuring that regional identities and cultures are respected and protected. The division of powers prevents any single region or culture from dominating others, fostering a sense of security and encouraging interaction without fear of imposition.
2. Statement 2: Not Correct. A federal system, by establishing common economic policies, facilitating trade, and often creating a unified market, actually enhances easier economic transactions between different regions. While regions may have distinct resources, federalism provides a framework for their efficient exchange and utilization.
3. Statement 3: Correct. A fundamental principle of federalism is the division of powers between the central government and the constituent units (states or regions). This division inherently limits the absolute power of the central government, as significant powers are reserved for the regional governments.

Federalism in Belgium:

Federalism in Belgium is visualized as a state composed of distinct communities and regions, with a clear emphasis on linguistic divisions. Articles 1, 2, 3, and 4 establish Belgium as a federal state structured around three communities (French, Flemish, German) and three regions (Walloon, Flemish, Brussels). Article 4 further delineates four linguistic regions, showing how language is a key organizing principle. The constitution explicitly defines these components and their territorial divisions, indicating a federal structure designed to accommodate linguistic and cultural diversity.

Similar Article for the Constitution of India:

While India is a Union of States, a similar article reflecting federal principles could be conceptualized. Drawing inspiration from Belgium's structure, an article for India might emphasize its diverse nature:

Article 1 (Conceptual for India): India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States, comprising diverse linguistic, cultural, and regional identities. The Constitution recognizes the distinct character of its constituent states and provides for a federal structure that balances national unity with regional autonomy.

Explanation of the difference:

The provided answer seems to have misinterpreted the request. The source text for Q3 Answer 3 is very brief and appears incomplete or incorrectly transcribed. It mentions "Article (1): It says that India shall be a union of states." and "Article (2): India aspires to be a society free from caste discrimination but seats in each province have been distributed among the communities of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and general." and "Article (3): India is a union of 29 states and seven union territories. As per Article (1) of Constitution of India:". This does not accurately reflect the structure of the Indian Constitution or directly answer how federalism is visualized in India based on the Belgian model. A more appropriate response would focus on India's federal structure as a Union of States, with powers divided between the Union and State governments, and potentially mention the recognition of linguistic states as a key aspect of its federalism, similar to how Belgium recognizes communities and regions.