CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 4: Executive NCERT Solutions

Solution: The correct definition of a parliamentary executive is that the executive is dependent on the support of the majority in the parliament. In this system, the executive (government) is drawn from and accountable to the legislature (parliament). If the government loses the confidence of the majority in the parliament, it must resign.

Solution:

I agree most with Amit's argument that the President seems like a rubber stamp. While the Constitution grants the President significant ceremonial powers, such as being the supreme commander of the armed forces and representing India internationally, these powers are largely exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The President is the Head of State, not the Head of Government, and is bound by the decisions of the cabinet. Although the President can return advice for reconsideration once, they cannot override the Council of Ministers' final decision. This constitutional framework effectively limits the President's independent authority, making the Prime Minister the de facto executive head.

Shama's argument is incorrect because the President's power to appoint the Prime Minister does not automatically grant the power to remove them. The Prime Minister can only be removed if they lose the confidence of the Lok Sabha. Rajesh's suggestion to abolish the President and have Parliament elect a leader directly bypasses the established constitutional structure of a parliamentary democracy.

Solution:

Here is the correct matching:

1. Works within the particular State in which recruited – b. State Civil Services
2. Works in any central government office located either at the national capital or elsewhere in the country – d. Central Services
3. Works in a particular State to which allotted; can also be sent on deputation to the centre – c. All India Services
4. Works in Indian missions abroad – a. Indian Foreign Service

Explanation:

• State Civil Services officers are recruited by the State Public Service Commissions and serve the respective State governments.
• Central Services officers are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for various departments and ministries of the Central government.
• All India Services (like IAS, IPS) officers are recruited by the UPSC but serve the State governments, though they can be deputed to the Central government.
• The Indian Foreign Service (IFS) is a Central Service responsible for representing India abroad and managing foreign relations.

Solution:

1. Tamil Nadu Textbooks Corporation releasing new versions: This news would be released by a State government ministry. The Tamil Nadu Textbooks Corporation is an entity that functions under the purview of the Tamil Nadu State Government, responsible for curriculum and textbook development within the state.
2. New railway loop line: This news would be released by a Central government ministry. Railways in India are a subject under the exclusive control of the Central Government, managed by the Ministry of Railways. Infrastructure projects like new railway lines fall under its jurisdiction.
3. Sub-divisional committee verifying farmer suicides: This would likely be related to a State government ministry. While agriculture is a national concern, the administration of law and order, local committees, and immediate relief measures for farmers often fall under the State government's responsibilities, possibly involving the Ministry of Agriculture or Revenue at the state level.

Solution: The President selects the Leader of the largest party in the Lok Sabha or the Leader of the alliance or party that has the support of the majority in Lok Sabha. In practice, if a single party wins a clear majority, its leader is appointed. If no party has a majority, the President appoints the leader of the largest party or coalition that is most likely to command the confidence of the Lok Sabha.

Solution:

Bobby's statement applies most to India. While the Prime Minister is not an absolute monarch as Alok suggests, they do hold significant power and influence, unlike the 'first among equals' notion proposed by Shekhar. The Prime Minister leads the Council of Ministers, allocates portfolios, and is the chief policy maker. They must indeed consider the views of their party members and coalition partners, but ultimately, the Prime Minister has the final say in most governmental decisions and in the selection and dismissal of ministers, making them the most powerful figure in the executive branch.

Solution:

The advice of the Council of Ministers is binding on the President to uphold the principles of parliamentary democracy. The President is the constitutional Head of State, a nominal executive, while the Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister, is the real executive. This ensures that executive power is exercised by those who have the confidence of the elected representatives in Parliament. The 42nd Amendment explicitly made the President legally bound to act according to the advice of the cabinet, reinforcing the supremacy of the elected government over the ceremonial head.