NCERT Class 9 Sanskrit Sharada: Chapter 2 — वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा
This chapter, "Dharmasya Mulam Arthaḥ" (The Root of Dharma is Wealth), from NCERT Class 9 Sanskrit textbook 'Sharada', explores the fundamental relationship between wealth (Artha), righteousness (Dharma), and happiness (Sukha). It emphasizes that true happiness stems from Dharma, which in turn is supported by Artha. The chapter highlights that ethical and just earning of wealth is crucial for upholding Dharma and achieving long-term well-being. It discusses the necessity of wealth for fulfilling basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, education, and healthcare, and how its absence hinders personal duties and societal contributions. The text stresses the importance of righteous earning, judicious spending, and saving for the future, advocating for self-reliance and dignity. This chapter helps students understand the ethical dimensions of economic life and its connection to a virtuous existence, crucial for CBSE curriculum.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 9 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Sharada |
| Chapter | Chapter 2 — वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 298 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the interconnectedness of Artha, Dharma, and Sukha.
- Recognize the importance of ethical wealth acquisition.
- Learn about judicious spending and the need for savings.
- Appreciate the concept of self-reliance and dignity.
- Analyze the role of wealth in fulfilling basic needs and duties.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| सूक्ति | A wise saying or aphorism |
| अर्थोपार्जनम् | Earning of wealth |
| न्यायपूर्वकम् | Justly, righteously |
| आडंबरपूर्णः | Ostentatious, showy |
| विलासव्यसनम् | Addiction to luxury or extravagance |
| अपव्ययः | Wasteful expenditure |
| सञ्चयः | Saving, accumulation |
| स्वावलम्बी | Self-reliant |
| स्वाभिमानः | Self-respect, dignity |
| आर्थिकसहायता | Financial help |
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Practice questions
- कौटिल्यस्य अर्थशास्त्रे कस्य सूत्रस्य उल्लेखः अस्ति? Answer: कौटिल्यस्य अर्थशास्त्रे "सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः, धर्मस्य मूलम् अर्थः" इति सूत्रस्य उल्लेखः अस्ति।
- धर्मपालनस्य आधारः कः? Answer: धर्मपालनस्य आधारः अर्थः अस्ति।
- मनुः कस्य शौचस्य परत्वं स्मृतवान्? Answer: मनुः अर्थशौचस्य परत्वं स्मृतवान्।
- व्ययः कथमपि करणीयः? Answer: आवश्यकतानुसारं व्ययः करणीयः।
- सञ्चयस्य अभ्यासेन जनः कः भवति? Answer: सञ्चयस्य अभ्यासेन जनः स्वावलम्बी भवति।
Frequently asked questions
What is the main principle discussed in Chapter 2 of Sharada?
The chapter discusses the principle that the root of happiness is Dharma, and the root of Dharma is Artha (wealth).
According to the text, what is essential for fulfilling basic needs?
Wealth (Artha) is essential for fulfilling basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, education, and healthcare.
What does the chapter say about earning wealth?
The chapter emphasizes earning wealth through righteous and ethical means (Nyayapoorvakam Artha-uparjanam).
What kind of spending is considered wasteful?
Ostentatious spending, showy displays, and spending on luxuries or vices are considered wasteful (Apavyaya).
Why is saving important, according to the chapter?
Saving is important for future security and leads to self-reliance and dignity.
Which Upanishadic saying is mentioned regarding wealth?
The Upanishadic saying 'Ma Gridhah Kasya-sviddhanam' (Do not covet another's wealth) is mentioned.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 9 Sanskrit — Sharada — Chapter 2 — वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.