NCERT Class 8 Sanskrit Deepakam: Chapter 15 — शब्दरूपाणि
This chapter, 'शब्दरूपाणि' (Shabdaroopani) from NCERT Class 8 Sanskrit Deepakam, focuses on the declension of nouns in Sanskrit. It presents detailed tables illustrating the various cases (विभक्तिः) and numbers (एकवचनम्, द्विवचनम्, बहुवचनम्) for several important noun types. The chapter covers neuter gender nouns ending in 'इ' (like दधि, वारि) and 'उ' (like मधु), and masculine gender nouns ending in 'त्' (like मरुत्), 'न्' (like राजन्, आतमन्), and 'स्' (like विद्वस्). Understanding these declensions is crucial for constructing grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences and comprehending Sanskrit texts. This chapter equips students with the foundational knowledge of Sanskrit noun morphology, essential for their CBSE curriculum.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 8 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Deepakam |
| Chapter | Chapter 15 — शब्दरूपाणि |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 309 |
Learning outcomes
- Identify and understand different noun endings in Sanskrit (इकारान्त, उकारान्त, तकारान्त, नकारान्त, सकारान्त).
- Learn the declension patterns for neuter nouns like दधि, वारि, and मधु.
- Learn the declension patterns for masculine nouns like मरुत्, राजन्, आतमन्, and विद्वस्.
- Apply knowledge of विभक्तिः (cases) and वचनम् (numbers) to Sanskrit nouns.
- Construct grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences using correct noun forms.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| इकारान्तः | ending in 'इ' |
| उकारान्तः | ending in 'उ' |
| तकारान्तः | ending in 'त्' |
| नकारान्तः | ending in 'न्' |
| सकारान्तः | ending in 'स्' |
| नपुंसकलिङ्गः | neuter gender |
| पुंलिङ्गः | masculine gender |
| विभक्तिः | case (grammatical) |
| एकवचनम् | singular number |
| द्विवचनम् | dual number |
| बहुवचनम् | plural number |
| सम्बोधनम् | vocative case |
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Practice questions
- दधि शब्द का प्रथमा विभक्ति, द्विवचन रूप क्या है? Answer: दधिनी
- मधु शब्द का तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन रूप क्या है? Answer: मधुभिः
- मरुत् शब्द का प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन रूप क्या है? Answer: मरुतः
- राजन शब्द का द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन रूप क्या है? Answer: राजानम्
- विद्वस् शब्द का सप्तमी विभक्ति, द्विवचन रूप क्या है? Answer: विदुषोः
Frequently asked questions
What is the main focus of NCERT Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 15?
The chapter focuses on the declension of various Sanskrit nouns, including neuter and masculine gender nouns with different endings.
Which types of neuter nouns are covered in this chapter?
The chapter covers neuter nouns ending in 'इ' (like दधि, वारि) and 'उ' (like मधु).
Which types of masculine nouns are covered in this chapter?
The chapter covers masculine nouns ending in 'त्' (like मरुत्), 'न्' (like राजन्, आतमन्), and 'स्' (like विद्वस्).
What are the grammatical cases (विभक्तिः) presented in the tables?
The tables present the eight grammatical cases: प्रथमा, द्वितीया, तृतीया, चतुर्थी, पञ्चमी, षष्ठी, सप्तमी, and सम्बोधनम्.
What are the numbers (वचनम्) covered for these nouns?
The chapter illustrates the declensions for singular (एकवचनम्), dual (द्विवचनम्), and plural (बहुवचनम्) numbers.
Why is learning शब्दरूपाणि important for Sanskrit students?
Learning शब्दरूपाणि is essential for understanding Sanskrit grammar, constructing correct sentences, and comprehending Sanskrit texts accurately.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 8 Sanskrit — Deepakam — Chapter 15 — शब्दरूपाणि. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.