NCERT Class 7 Social Science Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit): Chapter 3 — भारतस्य जलवायुः
This chapter, 'भारतस्य जलवायुः' (Climate of India) from NCERT Class 7 Social Science, explores the concept of climate versus weather. It explains that while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, climate represents the long-term pattern of weather in a region over decades. The chapter details how Earth's revolution around the sun causes seasons, and how these seasons are closely linked to climate. It highlights the four main seasons in most parts of the world (spring, summer, autumn, winter) and specifically mentions the Indian monsoon season ('वर्षा ऋतु' or 'मानसून'). Traditionally, India observes six seasons: Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant, and Shishir, each associated with specific customs and festivals. Understanding climate is crucial for predicting natural disasters and adapting societal practices.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 7 |
| Subject | Social Science |
| Book | Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) |
| Chapter | Chapter 3 — भारतस्य जलवायुः |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 324 |
Learning outcomes
- Differentiate between weather and climate.
- Understand the causes of seasons.
- Identify the traditional six seasons of India.
- Recognize the significance of the monsoon in India.
- Understand the relationship between climate and societal practices.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| जलवायुः | Climate |
| ऋतुः | Season |
| वातावरणम् | Atmosphere/Weather |
| पर्जन्यः | Rain |
| वृष्टिः | Rainfall |
| मान्सून | Monsoon |
| सुदीर्घकालः | Long period |
| विविध | Diverse/Varied |
| उष्णं | Hot |
| आर्द्रं | Humid |
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Practice questions
- What is the difference between 'ऋतुः' (season) and 'जलवायुः' (climate)? Answer: 'ऋतुः' refers to short-term atmospheric conditions experienced daily or hourly, while 'जलवायुः' is the long-term pattern of weather in a region over several decades.
- What causes the seasons? Answer: The revolution of the Earth around the Sun causes the seasons.
- How many traditional seasons are observed in India? Answer: Traditionally, six seasons are observed in India: Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant, and Shishir.
- What is the Indian monsoon season called? Answer: The Indian monsoon season is called 'वर्षा ऋतु' or 'मानसून'.
Frequently asked questions
What is climate?
Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region, typically averaged over 30 years.
What is weather?
Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions at a specific place and time, such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.
Why is India's climate diverse?
India's climate is diverse due to its varied topography, proximity to the sea, and the influence of the monsoon.
What are the main seasons in most parts of the world?
The four main seasons in most parts of the world are spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
What is the significance of the monsoon in India?
The monsoon is crucial for India's agriculture and economy, providing the majority of the country's rainfall.
How do seasons affect society?
Seasons influence agriculture, festivals, clothing, and daily life, shaping societal practices and culture.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 7 Social Science — Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) — Chapter 3 — भारतस्य जलवायुः. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.