NCERT Class 7 Social Science Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit): Chapter 2 — जलवायवः अवबोधः
This chapter, 'Understanding Climate' (जलवायवः अवबोधः) from NCERT's Class 7 Social Science textbook 'Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I', introduces the concept of climate and its elements. It explains that climate is the state of the Earth's atmosphere at a specific time and place, contrasting it with weather. The chapter details the troposphere, the layer closest to the Earth's surface where most life and weather phenomena occur, and its varying thickness across different latitudes. It also touches upon the importance of climate prediction for preparing for extreme weather events like heavy rainfall, storms, droughts, and heatwaves. The text encourages students to explore local vocabulary used to describe climate and weather conditions, highlighting common English terms like 'hot', 'cold', 'rainy', 'cloudy', 'humid', and 'pleasant'. This foundational understanding of climate is crucial for comprehending environmental changes and their impact on society, aligning with the CBSE curriculum's focus on geographical and social awareness.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 7 |
| Subject | Social Science |
| Book | Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) |
| Chapter | Chapter 2 — जलवायवः अवबोधः |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 289 |
Learning outcomes
- Define climate and differentiate it from weather.
- Identify and describe the elements of climate.
- Understand the structure of the atmosphere, specifically the troposphere.
- Recognize the importance of climate prediction for disaster preparedness.
- Explore local and common vocabulary related to weather and climate.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| जलवायुः | Climate |
| वायुमण्डलम् | Atmosphere |
| क्षोममण्डलम् | Troposphere |
| ऋतु | Season |
| शीतऋतु | Winter season |
| ग्रीष्मऋतु | Summer season |
| प्रचण्डवृष्टिः | Heavy rainfall |
| झञ्झावातः | Storm |
| अनावृष्टिः | Drought |
| उष्णवायुः | Heatwave/Hot air |
| पूर्वानुमानं | Forecast/Prediction |
| आर्द्रं | Humid |
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Practice questions
- जलवायुः नाम कः? Answer: जलवायुः पृथिव्याः वायुमण्डलस्य विशिष्टसमये स्थाने च स्थितिः अस्ति।
- वायुमण्डलस्य पृथ्वीपृष्ठभागस्य समीपस्थः स्तरः कः? Answer: वायुमण्डलस्य पृथ्वीपृष्ठभागस्य समीपस्थः स्तरः क्षोममण्डलम् ('ट्रोपोस्फियर') इति कथ्यते।
- जलवायुः पूर्वानुमानं कथं सहायकं भवति? Answer: प्रचण्डवृष्टिः, झञ्झावातः, अनावृष्टिः, उष्णवायुः इत्यादीनां घटनानां कृते सज्जतां कर्तुं जलवायुः पूर्वानुमानं सहायकं भवति।
- क्षोममण्डलम् कति किलोमीटर यावत् विस्तृतम् अस्ति? Answer: क्षोममण्डलम् भूम्याः ६ तः १८ किलोमीटर यावत् ऊर्ध्ववतायां विस्तृतम् अस्ति।
Frequently asked questions
What is climate?
Climate is the state of the Earth's atmosphere at a specific time and place.
What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface?
The layer closest to the Earth's surface is called the troposphere.
How does climate prediction help?
Climate prediction helps in preparing for events like heavy rainfall, storms, droughts, and heatwaves.
What is the approximate thickness of the troposphere?
The troposphere extends from about 6 to 18 kilometers above the Earth.
Where do most weather phenomena occur?
Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere.
What is the difference between climate and weather?
Climate refers to the long-term atmospheric conditions of a region, while weather describes the atmospheric conditions at a specific moment.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 7 Social Science — Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) — Chapter 2 — जलवायवः अवबोधः. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.