NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Abhyaswaan Bhav-II: Chapter 8 — प्रत्ययया:
This chapter, 'प्रत्ययया:' (Suffixes) from NCERT's Abhyaswaan Bhav-II for Class 10 Sanskrit, revisits and expands upon the concept of suffixes. It begins by illustrating the use of suffixes in sentences, highlighting how they modify the meaning of root words or verbs. The chapter categorizes suffixes into three main types: कृदन्ताता: (Krdanta), तद्धिता: (Taddhita), and स्त्रीप्रत्ययया: (Stripratyaya). It further details specific suffixes like क्त्वा (Ktvā), तुमुन् (Tumun), तव्यत् (Tavyat), अनीयर् (Anīyar), यत् (Yat), शतृ (Śatṛ), शानच् (Śānac), क्त (Kta), क्तवत् (Ktvat), मतुप् (Matup), वतुप् (Vatu), ठक् (Ṭhak), णिनि (ṇini), त्व (Tva), and तल् (Tal), explaining their formation and usage, particularly in forming adjectives and abstract nouns. The chapter emphasizes that suffixes attached to verbs or nouns change their meaning and grammatical function, aiding in the construction of complex Sanskrit sentences. This chapter is crucial for CBSE students to enhance their grammatical proficiency and comprehension of Sanskrit texts.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Abhyaswaan Bhav-II |
| Chapter | Chapter 8 — प्रत्ययया: |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 311 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the definition and types of Sanskrit suffixes (प्रत्ययया:).
- Identify and form words using Krdanta, Taddhita, and Stripratyaya suffixes.
- Learn the usage of specific suffixes like Ktvā, Tumun, Śatṛ, Śānac, Kta, Ktvat, and others.
- Apply suffix knowledge to construct grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences.
- Enhance vocabulary and comprehension of Sanskrit texts through suffix analysis.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| प्रत्ययया: | Suffixes |
| कृदन्ताता: | Krdanta suffixes (attached to verb roots) |
| तद्धिता: | Taddhita suffixes (attached to nouns/adjectives) |
| स्त्रीप्रत्ययया: | Stripratyaya suffixes (to change masculine to feminine) |
| क्त्वा | Ktvā suffix (forming adverbial participles, 'having done') |
| तुमुन् | Tumun suffix (infinitive, 'to do') |
| शतृ | Śatṛ suffix (present active participle, 'doing') |
| शानच् | Śānac suffix (present active participle, often for passive verbs or verbs ending in vowels) |
| क्त | Kta suffix (past passive participle, 'done') |
| क्तवत् | Ktvat suffix (past active participle, 'having done') |
| अव्यययानि | Indeclinables (words that do not change form) |
| विशेषणं | Adjective |
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Practice questions
- What are suffixes (प्रत्ययया:)? Answer: Suffixes are word parts added at the end of a root word or verb to change its meaning or grammatical function.
- Name the three main types of suffixes mentioned in the chapter. Answer: The three main types are कृदन्ताता:, तद्धिता:, and स्त्रीप्रत्ययया:.
- Which suffixes are used to form indeclinable words (अव्यययानि)? Answer: क्त्वा and तुमुन् suffixes are used to form indeclinable words.
- How are the शतृ and शानच् suffixes used? Answer: They are used to form present active participles, often functioning as adjectives describing an action in progress.
- What is the purpose of the क्त and क्तवत् suffixes? Answer: They are used to form past participles, indicating completed actions.
Frequently asked questions
What is the meaning of प्रत्ययया: in Sanskrit?
प्रत्ययया: means suffixes, which are added to the end of words or verb roots.
What are the three main categories of Sanskrit suffixes?
The three main categories are कृदन्ताता: (Krdanta), तद्धिता: (Taddhita), and स्त्रीप्रत्ययया: (Stripratyaya).
Which suffixes are used to express the infinitive meaning 'to do'?
The तुमुन् suffix is used to express the infinitive meaning 'to do'.
How do शतृ and शानच् suffixes function?
They form present active participles, often used as adjectives, meaning 'doing' or 'being'.
What is the difference between क्त and क्तवत् suffixes?
Both form past participles. क्त typically indicates a passive action ('done'), while क्तवत् indicates an active action ('having done').
Are words formed with क्त्वा and तुमुन् changeable?
No, words formed with क्त्वा and तुमुन् suffixes are indeclinable (अव्यययानि), meaning they do not change their form.
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NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit — Abhyaswaan Bhav-II — Chapter 8 — प्रत्ययया:. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.