CHAPTER

DIRECTING

Syllabus

Concept and importance

> Elements of Directing

> Supervision - concept, function of a supervisor

> Motivation - concept, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Financial and non-financial incentives

> Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissez faire

> Communication - concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers

Objectives:

After going through this unit, the student/learner would be able to:

> Describe the concept of directing.

> Discuss the importance of directing.

> Describe the four elements of directing.

> Understand the concept of supervision.

> Discuss the functions performed by a supervisor.

Understand the concept of motivation.

Develop an understanding of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Discuss the various financial and non-financial incentives.

Understand the concept of leadership.

Understand the various styles of leadership.

> Understand the concept of communication.

Understand the elements of the communication process.

Discuss the concept of formal and informal communication.

Discuss the various barriers to effective communication.

Suggest measures to overcome barriers to communication

Chapter Analysis

The analysis given here gives you an analytical picture of this chapter and will help you to identify the concepts of the chapter that are to be focussed more from exam point of view.

Average number of Questions asked in last 3 years

2016 2017 2018

Exam Delhi Delhi All India All India Delhi All India

V.S.A. (1 mark) 1 Q 1 Q 1 Q 1 Q

S.A.I (3 marks) 1 Q 3 Qs 1 Q 3Qs 1 Q 1 Q

S.A.II & L.A (4/5 marks) 2 Qs 1 Q 2 Qs 1 Q 2 Qs 2 Qs

E.T. (6 marks) 1 Q

In 2016, SA I type questions are based on barriers to communication. SA II and LA type questions are based on features of motivation. ET question was based on methods to overcome communication barriers.

115 DIRECTING

In 2017, 1 mark question was based on motivation in case of Delhi and on supervision in case of All India. SA I type questions were based on functions of supervisor, barriers to communication and importance of direction. SA II type questions are based on styles of leadership.

In 2018, 1 mark questions were based on decentralisation. SA I type questions were based on communication and SA II and LA type questions were based on motivation and characteristics of communication.

On the basis of the above analysis, the following topics can be considered as important.

• Maximum weightage is of motivation, supervision and communication

Maximum VSA, SA I, SA II, LA and ET type questions were asked from barriers to communication and motivation.

TOPIC-1

Concept, Importance of Directing and Supervision Concept

Quick Review

TOPIC - 1

Characteristics of Directing:

Initiates action.

Takes place at every level of management.

TOPIC - 2

Continuous process.

• Flows from top to bottom.

Importance of Directing:

TOPIC - 3

• Helps to initiate action.

Integrates employees' efforts.

TOPIC - 4

Guides employees to fully realise their potential.

Concept, Importance of Directing

and Supervision Concept .... P. 115

Facilitates changes in the organisation.

Motivation Concept .... P. 118

Brings stability and balance in the organisation.

Leadership Concept .... P. 126

Communication Concept .... P. 129

Elements of Directing

Supervision Motivation Leadership Communication

> Importance of Supervision/Supervisor :

• Maintains interpersonal contact with the workers.

Acts as a link between the workers and the managers.

Promotes group unity among the workers.

Helps in improving performance of the workers.

Provides training to the employees.

Builds up higher morale among the workers.

Provides feedback of the workers' performance.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

(1 mark each)

R Q. 1. Give the meaning of 'supervision' as an element of directing.

[Outside Delhi Set I, II, III 2017]

(or any other correct meaning)

Ans. Supervision means overseeing the employees at work to ensure optimum utilisation of resources and achievements of work targets.

Supervision means instructing, observing

monitoring and guiding the efforts of the

subordinates for the achievement of work

targets in the desired manner. OR [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 1