CBSE Class 9 Social Science Democratic Politics – I: Working of Institutions NCERT Solutions

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 9 PDF

This chapter, 'Working of Institutions,' for CBSE Class 9 Social Science (Democratic Politics – I), delves into the essential machinery that makes a democracy function. The NCERT Solutions provided here clarify the roles and interactions of key political institutions like the executive, legislature, and judiciary. Students will learn about the President of India's powers, the distinction between political and permanent executives, the functions of the judiciary, and how laws are made and amended. The solutions also explain how different ministries are responsible for specific policy areas. These solutions are designed to help students grasp the practical aspects of governance and prepare thoroughly for their examinations by offering clear explanations and step-by-step problem-solving.

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Quick info

BoardCBSE
ClassClass 9
SubjectSocial Science
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterPolitical Science (Democratic Politics – I) - Working of Institutions

Chapter summary

Chapter 5, 'Working of Institutions,' of Class 9 Social Science (Democratic Politics – I), focuses on the practical implementation of democratic principles through various governmental bodies. The NCERT Solutions cover the powers of the President, the composition and roles of the political executive versus the permanent executive, the independence and functions of the judiciary, and the legislative process. It also includes exercises on matching ministries with their respective responsibilities, reinforcing understanding of governmental functions.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the role of the President of India in decision-making.
  • Differentiate between political and permanent executives.
  • Explain the functions and independence of the judiciary.
  • Identify the institution responsible for making and changing laws.
  • Recognize the responsibilities of various government ministries.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Political Executive
  • Permanent Executive
  • Role of the President
  • Functions of the Judiciary
  • Judicial Independence
  • Law-making Process
  • Parliamentary Powers
  • Government Ministries
  • Council of Ministers
  • Bill Reconsideration

Important topics

  • Working of Institutions
  • Political Executive vs. Permanent Executive
  • Role and Independence of Judiciary
  • Law Making by Parliament
  • Powers of the President

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Questions and Solutions

Question 1

If you are elected as the President of India, which of the following decisions can you take on your own?

(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.

(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.

(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.

Solution: The correct answer is (c). The President of India has the power to ask for the reconsideration of a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament. This is a significant power that allows the President to ensure that the legislature has carefully considered the bill. However, other decisions like selecting a Prime Minister or dismissing one are largely based on the advice of the Council of Ministers and the support in the Lok Sabha, respectively. The President does not have the authority to nominate ministers independently.

Question 2

Who among the following is a part of the political executive?

(a) District Collector

(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs

(c) Home Minister

(d) Director General of Police

Solution: The correct answer is (c) Home Minister. The political executive consists of elected representatives who are responsible for making major policy decisions. The Home Minister is a political appointee. A District Collector, Secretary of a Ministry, and Director General of Police are part of the permanent executive, which comprises civil servants who are appointed on a long-term basis and implement the policies decided by the political executive.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?

(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court

(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution

(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive

(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated

Solution: The false statement is (a). While the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, has the power of judicial review to strike down laws that violate the Constitution (as stated in option b), it does not need to approve every law passed by Parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive (option c), and any citizen can approach the courts if their fundamental rights are violated (option d), highlighting the judiciary's role in protecting citizens' rights.

Question 4

Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
  1. The Supreme Court
  2. The President
  3. The Prime Minister
  4. The Parliament
Solution: The institution that can make changes to an existing law of the country is (4) The Parliament. The Parliament is the supreme legislative body in India and has the authority to amend, repeal, or enact laws. While the Supreme Court can interpret laws and strike them down if they are unconstitutional, it does not have the power to change the law itself. The President and Prime Minister play executive roles and do not directly legislate or amend laws.

Question 5

Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:

Column I | Column II

  1. A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country. | 1. Ministry of Defence
  2. Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas. | 2. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
  3. The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down. | 3. Ministry of Health
  4. A pulse polio campaign will be launched. | 4. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
  5. The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased. | 5. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
Solution: Here is the correct matching of the ministries with the news items:
  1. -4: The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is responsible for promoting exports and trade policies, including those related to jute.
  2. -5: The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology oversees telecommunication services and their accessibility.
  3. -2: The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution manages food grains like rice and wheat and policies related to their distribution.
  4. -3: The Ministry of Health is responsible for public health campaigns, such as the pulse polio immunization drive.
  5. -1: The Ministry of Defence handles matters related to the armed forces, including the welfare and allowances of soldiers.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing the President's powers with those of the Prime Minister.
  • Misidentifying members of the political executive.
  • Incorrectly stating the judiciary's power to review laws.
  • Assuming the Supreme Court must approve all parliamentary laws.

Revision tips

  • Focus on the distinct powers of the President and Prime Minister.
  • Clearly define the roles of political vs. permanent executive.
  • Understand the judiciary's role in upholding the Constitution.
  • Practice matching ministries to their policy areas to reinforce understanding.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which of the following decisions can the President of India take independently?

Q2. Who is considered part of the political executive in India?

Q3. Which statement about the Indian judiciary is FALSE?

Q4. Which institution has the authority to change an existing law in India?

Q5. The Ministry of Defence is likely to release news about:

Frequently asked questions

What is the main focus of the 'Working of Institutions' chapter for Class 9 Social Science?

This chapter explains how democratic governments function through various institutions like the executive, legislature, and judiciary, detailing their roles and powers.

What is the difference between the political executive and the permanent executive?

The political executive is elected (like ministers) and holds political power, while the permanent executive consists of civil servants who implement policies on a long-term basis.

Can the President of India make any decision on their own?

The President has limited discretionary powers, such as asking for reconsideration of a bill passed by Parliament, but most decisions are taken on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

What is the role of the judiciary in India?

The judiciary interprets laws, resolves disputes, and upholds the Constitution. It can strike down laws that violate the Constitution and ensures citizens' rights are protected.

Which institution is responsible for making laws in India?

The Parliament is the primary institution responsible for making laws in India. It can also amend or repeal existing laws.

How do these NCERT Solutions help in exam preparation?

These solutions provide clear, step-by-step answers to all questions, helping students understand complex concepts, revise key topics, and practice problem-solving for exams.

Important links

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