Class 9 Social Science Population NCERT Solutions

Solution: The correct option is (c) both the area of departure and arrival. Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another. This movement directly affects the population size, its distribution across different regions, and its composition (e.g., age, gender) in both the place people leave from and the place they move to.

Solution: The correct option is (a) high birth rates. When the birth rate is high, more children are born into the population. This leads to a larger number of young individuals, consequently increasing the proportion of children within the total population.

Solution: The correct option is (a) the total population of an area. The magnitude of population growth refers to the absolute increase in the number of people in a particular region over a specific period. It is the actual number of people added, not just the rate of increase or the ratio of females to males.

Solution: The correct option is (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding. The Census of India 2001 defined a literate person as anyone aged seven years or above who can both read and write with understanding in any language.

Solution: The rate of population growth in India has been declining since 1981 primarily due to the increased adoption and effectiveness of birth control measures. Additionally, improvements in healthcare and education have contributed to a gradual decrease in fertility rates, leading to a slower increase in the overall population.

Solution: The major components that drive population growth are the birth rate, the death rate, and migration. The natural increase in population is determined by the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population grows naturally. Migration, which includes both immigration (people moving into a region) and emigration (people moving out of a region), also significantly influences the population size and composition of an area.

Solution:

Age Structure: The age structure of a population refers to the distribution of individuals across different age groups, such as children (typically 0-14 years), working-age adults (15-64 years), and the elderly (65 years and above). This structure provides insights into the dependency ratio and the potential workforce.

Birth Rate: The birth rate is defined as the number of live births occurring per thousand persons in a population within a given year. It is a key indicator of population growth.

Death Rate: The death rate, also known as the mortality rate, is defined as the number of deaths occurring per thousand persons in a population within a given year. It reflects the health conditions and healthcare access within a population.

Solution: Migration is the movement of people from one geographical area to another, often across regions or national borders, with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently. It is a crucial determinant of population change because it directly alters the size and composition of the population in both the area of origin (departure) and the area of destination (arrival). For instance, if many young people migrate from a rural area to a city for employment, the rural area will experience a decrease in its working-age population, while the city will see an increase, potentially affecting its age structure and dependency ratio.

Solution:

The key differences between population growth and population change are:

• Population Growth: This term specifically refers to the increase in the number of inhabitants within a particular region during a defined period. It is often measured as the absolute increase in population size. The primary drivers considered for growth are the natural increase (births minus deaths) and net migration (immigration minus emigration).
• Population Change: This is a broader concept that encompasses any alteration in the population's characteristics over time. It includes not only the change in the total number of people (growth or decline) but also shifts in the population's distribution (where people live), composition (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), and density. Population change is influenced by birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.

Solution: The occupational structure of a population, which describes the distribution of people across different types of jobs (primary, secondary, tertiary sectors), is closely related to a country's level of development. Generally, countries with a higher percentage of their workforce engaged in primary occupations like agriculture, fishing, and mining tend to be less developed. As a country develops, there is a gradual shift towards secondary occupations, such as manufacturing and industry. In highly developed economies, a significant majority of the population is typically employed in tertiary occupations, which include services like banking, transportation, administration, and IT. This shift reflects increasing industrialization, technological advancement, and a move towards a service-based economy.

Solution:

Having a healthy population offers significant advantages for both individuals and the nation:

• Increased Productivity and Efficiency: Healthy individuals are generally more energetic, capable, and efficient in performing their tasks, whether in the workplace, at home, or in other activities. This leads to higher overall productivity for the economy.
• Realization of Potential: Good health allows individuals to reach their full potential. They are better equipped to pursue education, develop skills, and engage actively in various aspects of life.
• Contribution to Development: A healthy population plays a vital role in social and national development. Healthy citizens are more likely to be educated, employed, and contribute positively to the economy and society, driving progress and innovation.
• Reduced Healthcare Burden: A healthier population generally requires less medical intervention, reducing the burden on healthcare systems and freeing up resources for other essential services.