CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 22: Federalism NCERT Solutions

To locate these states on a blank outline political map of India, you need to identify their geographical positions. Here's a general description of their locations:

• Manipur: Located in the northeastern part of India, it is one of the Seven Sister States. It shares borders with Nagaland, Mizoram, Assam, and the country of Myanmar.
• Sikkim: Situated in the northeastern Himalayas, Sikkim is bordered by Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet (China), and the Indian state of West Bengal. It is known for its mountainous terrain.
• Chhattisgarh: Located in the central-eastern part of India, it was formed from the southeastern part of Madhya Pradesh. It is landlocked and shares borders with Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Telangana, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
• Goa: Situated on the western coast of India, in the Konkan region. It is India's smallest state by area and is bordered by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea to the west.

(Note: A physical map or an online map tool would be required to pinpoint the exact locations for accurate shading and marking.)

To identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world, you would typically look for countries known for their federal structure. Here are three examples:

• Russia: A vast country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, Russia is a federation consisting of numerous federal subjects.
• United States of America (USA): Located in North America, the USA is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, and several territories.
• Canada: Situated north of the USA, Canada is also a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, comprising ten provinces and three territories.

When shading these on a map, ensure you correctly identify their geographical boundaries.

Federalism, the division of powers between different levels of government, is practiced in both India and Belgium, but with distinct characteristics.

Similarity:

One significant similarity between the federal practices in India and Belgium is the concept of a 'holding together' federation. In both countries, the federal structure was formed by integrating diverse regions or linguistic groups into a single nation. This means that the constituent states or regions do not have the right to secede from the union, thereby 'holding' the country together.

Difference:

A key difference lies in the power dynamics between the central and state governments. In India, while power is divided, the central government often holds more significant authority, and state governments can be seen as subordinate in certain aspects. In contrast, Belgium's federal structure was designed to give equal status and significant autonomy to both its central government and its regional (Flemish, Walloon, and Brussels-Capital) governments, reflecting a more balanced power-sharing arrangement to manage linguistic and cultural differences.