CBSE Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions: Chapter 8 - How Do Organisms Reproduce

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 10 PDF

This chapter delves into the fundamental processes of reproduction in organisms, a key concept in Class 10 Science. The NCERT Solutions for 'How Do Organisms Reproduce' provide clear explanations and step-by-step answers to various questions, focusing on both asexual and sexual modes of reproduction. Students will explore topics like budding in yeast, binary fission in Amoeba, vegetative propagation in plants, and the distinct stages of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization, and the development of embryo and seedling. The solutions also clarify the genetic basis of reproduction, explaining how characters are transmitted from parents to offspring and the significance of both similarities and variations. These solutions are designed to help students grasp complex biological concepts, build a strong foundation for their exams, and develop critical thinking skills related to life processes.

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BoardCBSE
ClassClass 10
SubjectScience (Exemplar)
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
Chapter8. How Do Organisms Reproduce

Chapter summary

Chapter 8 of the Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions focuses on the reproduction of organisms. It covers the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, detailing methods like budding, fission, and vegetative propagation. The chapter also explains the structure of a flower and the process of sexual reproduction, including pollination and fertilization. Key concepts like gamete formation, embryo development, and the role of genes in transmitting traits are discussed. These solutions offer a comprehensive understanding of how organisms perpetuate their species.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.
  • Identify organisms that reproduce asexually.
  • Explain the process of reproduction in Amoeba and Yeast.
  • Describe the parts of a flower involved in reproduction.
  • Sequence the events of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
  • Explain the role of genes in transmitting traits from parents to offspring.
  • Recognize that offspring inherit both similarities and variations from parents.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Modes of Reproduction
  • Asexual Reproduction
  • Sexual Reproduction
  • Reproduction in Flowering Plants
  • Gametes
  • Pollination
  • Fertilisation
  • Embryo Development
  • Seedling
  • Heredity
  • Genes
  • Variations

Important topics

  • Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
  • Reproduction in Flowering Plants
  • Pollination and Fertilisation
  • Role of Genes in Heredity
  • Amoeba and Yeast Reproduction

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Questions and Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions - 1

In the list of organisms given below, those that reproduce by the asexual method are:
  1. banana
  2. dog
  3. yeast
  4. Amoeba
Which of the following options correctly identifies these organisms?
  1. (ii) and (iv)
  2. (i), (iii) and (iv)
  3. (i) and (iv)
  4. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Solution: The correct option is (b) (i), (iii) and (iv).

Explanation:

  • Banana reproduces asexually through vegetative propagation (e.g., using suckers or rhizomes).
  • Dog reproduces sexually, involving male and female parents.
  • Yeast reproduces asexually primarily through budding.
  • Amoeba reproduces asexually through binary fission.
Therefore, banana, yeast, and Amoeba reproduce asexually.

Multiple Choice Questions - 2

In a flower, identify the parts that are responsible for producing the male and female gametes (germ cells).
  1. stamen and anther
  2. filament and stigma
  3. anther and ovary
  4. stamen and style
Solution: The correct option is (c) anther and ovary.

Explanation: The anther, which is part of the stamen, produces the pollen grains containing male gametes. The ovary, located at the base of the pistil, contains ovules, each housing a female gamete (egg cell).

Multiple Choice Questions - 3

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events that occur during sexual reproduction in a flower?
  1. pollination, fertilisation, seedling, embryo
  2. seedling, embryo, fertilisation, pollination
  3. pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seedling
  4. embryo, seedling, pollination, fertilization
Solution: The correct option is (c) pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seedling.

Explanation: The process begins with pollination, where pollen is transferred to the stigma. This is followed by fertilization, the fusion of male and female gametes. Fertilization leads to the development of the embryo from the zygote. The embryo then grows and develops, eventually forming a seedling after germination.

Multiple Choice Questions - 4

Offspring formed by the asexual method of reproduction tend to have greater similarity among themselves because:
  1. asexual reproduction involves only one parent
  2. asexual reproduction does not involve gametes
  3. asexual reproduction occurs before sexual reproduction
  4. asexual reproduction occurs after sexual reproduction
Which of the following options correctly states the reasons?
  1. (i) and (ii)
  2. (i) and (iii)
  3. (ii) and (iv)
  4. (iii) and (iv)
Solution: The correct option is (a) (i) and (ii).

Explanation: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, meaning there is no genetic recombination or mixing of DNA from two different individuals. Furthermore, it does not involve the fusion of gametes (like sperm and egg). Consequently, the offspring produced are genetically identical or very similar to the parent organism, lacking the variations typically introduced through sexual reproduction.

Multiple Choice Questions - 5

Characters that are transmitted from parents to offspring during reproduction are present in which of the following cellular components?
  1. cytoplasm
  2. ribosome
  3. golgi bodies
  4. genes
Solution: The correct option is (d) genes.

Explanation: Genes are the fundamental units of heredity. They are segments of DNA located on chromosomes within the cell nucleus and carry the genetic information that determines an organism's traits, which are passed down from parents to their offspring.

Multiple Choice Questions - 6

Characters that are transmitted from parents to offspring during reproduction show which of the following patterns?
  1. only similarities with parents
  2. only variations with parents
  3. both similarities and variations with parents
  4. neither similarities nor variations
Solution: The correct option is (c) both similarities and variations with parents.

Explanation: During reproduction, offspring inherit genetic material from their parents, leading to similarities. However, processes like mutation and the recombination of genes (especially in sexual reproduction) also introduce variations, making the offspring distinct from their parents and siblings.

Multiple Choice Questions - 7

A feature of reproduction that is common to Amoeba, Spirogyra, and Yeast is that:
  1. they reproduce asexually
  2. they are all unicellular
  3. they reproduce only sexually
  4. they are all multicellular
Solution: The common feature is that (a) they reproduce asexually. While Amoeba and Yeast are unicellular, Spirogyra is multicellular (a filamentous alga). They are not limited to sexual reproduction; asexual methods are prominent in all three.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing asexual and sexual reproduction methods.
  • Incorrectly identifying which organisms reproduce asexually.
  • Misunderstanding the sequence of events in sexual reproduction.
  • Not differentiating between embryo and seedling development.

Revision tips

  • Create a table comparing asexual and sexual reproduction.
  • Draw and label the parts of a flower involved in reproduction.
  • Practice sequencing the events of sexual reproduction.
  • Review the specific reproduction methods of organisms like Amoeba and Yeast.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which of the following organisms reproduce using the asexual method?

Q2. In a typical flower, which parts are responsible for producing the male and female gametes?

Q3. What is the correct chronological order of events in sexual reproduction within a flower?

Q4. Why do offspring produced through asexual reproduction exhibit greater similarity to their parents?

Q5. Where are the hereditary characters transmitted from parents to offspring located?

Q6. Which of the following is a common characteristic of reproduction in Amoeba, Spirogyra, and Yeast?

Frequently asked questions

What are the main types of reproduction discussed in Chapter 8?

Chapter 8 discusses two primary modes of reproduction: asexual reproduction, where a single parent produces offspring, and sexual reproduction, which involves two parents and the fusion of gametes.

Which organisms reproduce asexually according to the NCERT Solutions?

The solutions mention organisms like Yeast (budding) and Amoeba (binary fission) as examples of asexual reproduction. Banana is also noted for asexual reproduction (vegetative propagation).

What is the correct sequence for sexual reproduction in a flower?

The correct sequence is pollination, followed by fertilization, which leads to the formation of an embryo, and finally, the development into a seedling.

How are traits passed from parents to offspring?

Traits are transmitted from parents to offspring through genes, which carry the genetic information responsible for these characteristics.

Do offspring from asexual reproduction differ from their parents?

Offspring produced through asexual reproduction generally show greater similarity to their parents because only one parent is involved, and there is no exchange or mixing of genetic material.

What is the role of the anther and ovary in a flower?

The anther, part of the stamen, produces male gametes (pollen), while the ovary contains the ovules, which house the female gametes.

Important links

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