CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 7: Weather, Climate and Adaptations NCERT Solutions

Solution: The elements that determine the weather of a place include temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and air pressure. These factors collectively describe the atmospheric conditions at a specific location and time.

Solution: The maximum temperature during a day typically occurs in the afternoon, after the sun has heated the Earth's surface for several hours. The minimum temperature usually occurs in the early morning, just before sunrise, when the Earth has had the longest period to cool down overnight.

Solution:

1. The average weather taken over a long time is called climate.
2. A place receives very little rainfall and the temperature is high throughout the year, the climate of that place will be hot and dry.
3. The two regions of the earth with extreme climatic conditions are tropical region and polar region.

Solution:

(a) Jammu and Kashmir: The climate is generally characterized by extremely cold winters and moderately warm summers. It can be described as cold and sometimes wet, with significant snowfall in winter.

(b) Kerala: Kerala has a hot and wet climate. Being a coastal region, it experiences high temperatures and humidity throughout the year, along with significant rainfall, especially during the monsoon season.

(c) Rajasthan: Rajasthan has a predominantly hot and dry climate. The temperature remains high for most of the year, and rainfall is very scarce. However, winters can be quite cold for a few months.

(d) North-east India: This region generally experiences a wet climate due to receiving substantial rainfall for a major part of the year, particularly during the monsoon season.

Solution: Weather changes frequently. While climate describes the long-term average conditions, weather can change within minutes, hours, or days.

Solution:

Adaptations for Tropical Rainforests:

• (i) Diets heavy on fruits: Many animals in rainforests rely on fruits available in the trees.
• (iv) Loud voice: Helps in communication and finding mates or warning others in dense forests where visibility is limited.
• (v) Sticky pads on feet: Aid in climbing trees and moving on wet surfaces.
• (ix) Bright colours: Can be used for camouflage among colourful vegetation or as a warning signal to predators.
• (vii) Strong tails: Useful for balancing and climbing in the arboreal environment of the rainforest.
• (x) Long and large beak: Can be adapted for reaching fruits or nectar in flowers.

Adaptations for Polar Regions:

• (ii) White fur: Provides camouflage against the snow and ice, helping in hunting or avoiding predators.
• (iii) Need to migrate: Animals may migrate to warmer regions during the harsh winter months to find food and suitable living conditions.
• (vi) Layer of fat under skin: Acts as insulation to keep the body warm in extremely cold temperatures.
• (viii) Wide and large paws: Help in distributing body weight, allowing animals to walk on snow or ice without sinking.

Regarding whether some characteristics can be adapted for both regions: Generally, adaptations are specific to the environment. For example, white fur is advantageous in snowy polar regions but would make an animal highly visible in a green rainforest. Similarly, sticky pads on feet are useful for climbing trees in rainforests but offer no advantage on snow or ice. Therefore, most of these characteristics are highly specialized for either tropical rainforests or polar regions and are not typically adapted for both.