CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 2: Nutrition in Animals NCERT Solutions

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 7 PDF

This comprehensive set of NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 7 Science, Chapter 2, focuses on 'Nutrition in Animals'. It breaks down the complex processes of how animals obtain and utilize food, covering essential topics like ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. The solutions explain the roles of different organs and glands in the digestive system, including the stomach, liver, and small intestine, and introduce concepts like villi and food vacuoles. Detailed explanations are provided for fill-in-the-blanks, true/false statements, multiple-choice questions, matching exercises, and definitions. These solutions are designed to help students understand the fundamental principles of animal nutrition and prepare effectively for their examinations by clarifying each step of the digestive process.

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BoardCBSE
ClassClass 7
SubjectScience
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterChapter 2

Chapter summary

Chapter 2 of the CBSE Class 7 Science NCERT Solutions delves into the process of Nutrition in Animals. It covers the key stages of nutrition, the functions of various digestive organs, and the digestion of different food components like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The solutions also explain specialized modes of nutrition, such as in Amoeba and ruminants, and the role of villi in absorption. This chapter is crucial for understanding how living organisms acquire and process nutrients.

Learning outcomes

  • Understand the main steps of nutrition in animals.
  • Identify the largest gland in the human body and its function.
  • Explain the role of the stomach in digestion.
  • Describe the structure and function of villi in the small intestine.
  • Differentiate between true and false statements regarding digestion.
  • Match food components with their digestion products.
  • Explain the process of digestion in Amoeba.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Nutrition in Animals
  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Assimilation
  • Egestion
  • Human Digestive System
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Villi
  • Liver
  • Amoeba Nutrition

Important topics

  • Steps of Nutrition in Humans
  • Role of the Small Intestine and Villi
  • Digestion of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats
  • Function of the Liver and Stomach
  • Nutrition in Amoeba

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Questions and Solutions

Question 1

Fill in the blanks:
  1. The main steps of nutrition in humans are _____, ____, ____, ____, and ____.
  2. The largest gland in the human body is _____.
  3. The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and _____ juices which act on food.
  4. The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called _____.
  5. Amoeba digests its food in the _____.
Solution:
  1. The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. These steps describe the entire process from taking in food to eliminating waste.
  2. The largest gland in the human body is the liver. It produces bile, which aids in fat digestion.
  3. The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and digestive juices. The acid creates an acidic medium for the enzymes to work, and the digestive juices break down proteins.
  4. The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi. These structures greatly increase the surface area available for absorbing digested nutrients.
  5. Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole. The food particle is engulfed, enclosed in a vacuole, and then digested by enzymes within it.

Question 2

Mark (T) if the statement is true and (F) if it is false:
  1. Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (T/F)
  2. The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T/F)
  3. The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T/F)
  4. The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for some time. (T/F)
Solution:
  1. (F) Digestion of starch begins in the mouth with the action of salivary amylase, not in the stomach.
  2. (T) The tongue plays a crucial role in mixing food with saliva, which contains enzymes and lubricates the food for swallowing.
  3. (T) The gall bladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver before releasing it into the small intestine.
  4. (T) Ruminants, like cows and sheep, practice rumination, which involves regurgitating partially digested food (cud) from the stomach back into the mouth for further chewing.

Question 3

Tick (✓) mark the correct answer in each of the following:
  1. Fat is completely digested in the
    1. stomach
    2. mouth
    3. small intestine
    4. large intestine
  2. Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the
    1. stomach
    2. food pipe
    3. small intestine
    4. large intestine
Solution:
  1. Fat is completely digested in the (iii) small intestine ✓. Bile emulsifies fats, and lipases break them down into fatty acids and glycerol.
  2. Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the (iv) large intestine ✓. The large intestine absorbs most of the water, compacting the remaining waste material before elimination.

Question 4

Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:

Column I (Food components) | Column II (Product(s) of digestion)

Carbohydrates | Fatty acids and glycerol

Proteins | Sugar

Fats | Amino acids

Solution:

The correct matching is:

Column I (Food components) | Column II (Product(s) of digestion)

Carbohydrates | Sugar

Proteins | Amino acids

Fats | Fatty acids and glycerol

This matching shows how complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances that the body can absorb.

Question 5

What are villi? What is their location and function?
Solution:

Villi are tiny, finger-like projections that line the inner walls of the small intestine. They are located throughout the small intestine.

The primary function of villi is to significantly increase the surface area available for the absorption of digested food. Each villus contains a network of blood capillaries and a lymph vessel. As digested nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the villi, they are then transported to various parts of the body via the bloodstream and the lymphatic system.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing the starting point of starch digestion.
  • Misidentifying the primary site for water absorption.
  • Incorrectly matching food components with their digestion products.

Revision tips

  • Review the diagrams of the human digestive system and Amoeba.
  • Focus on understanding the function of each organ mentioned.
  • Practice the fill-in-the-blanks and true/false questions to reinforce key facts.
  • Ensure you can explain the role of villi and their importance in absorption.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which of the following is the largest gland in the human body?

Q2. Where does the complete digestion of fats primarily occur?

Q3. What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine?

Q4. Which substance is a product of protein digestion?

Q5. In which part of the Amoeba is food digested?

Frequently asked questions

What are the main steps of nutrition in humans covered in this chapter?

The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion.

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

Villi are finger-like outgrowths in the small intestine that increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food.

Which gland produces digestive juices that act on food in the stomach?

The stomach itself releases hydrochloric acid and digestive juices to act on food.

Where is fat completely digested?

Fat is completely digested in the small intestine.

What is the largest gland in the human body?

The largest gland in the human body is the liver.

How does Amoeba digest its food?

Amoeba digests its food within a food vacuole.

Important links

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