CBSE Class 11 Biology Exemplar NCERT Solutions: Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals

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NCERT Solutions PDF Class 11 PDF

This chapter, "Structural Organisation in Animals," for CBSE Class 11 Biology, delves into the fundamental principles of how animals are organized structurally. It covers the different types of tissues—epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural—explaining their unique characteristics, functions, and locations within the animal body. The solutions also touch upon the organization of tissues into organs and organ systems, providing examples from various animal groups, including earthworms. Understanding these organizational levels is crucial for comprehending animal physiology and comparative anatomy. These NCERT Solutions are designed to help students grasp complex concepts, clarify doubts, and prepare effectively for their examinations by offering detailed explanations and step-by-step problem-solving approaches.

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Quick info

BoardCBSE
ClassClass 11
SubjectBiology Exemplar
Session2026
LanguageEnglish
TypeNCERT Solutions
ChapterChapter 7

Chapter summary

Chapter 7, "Structural Organisation in Animals," focuses on the hierarchical organization of animal bodies, from tissues to organs and organ systems. The NCERT Solutions provide detailed explanations of the four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural tissues. It explores their specific structures, functions, and examples, including the specialized tissues found in organisms like the earthworm. This chapter is essential for building a foundational understanding of animal anatomy and physiology.

Learning outcomes

  • Identify and differentiate between the four main types of animal tissues.
  • Understand the structure and function of epithelial tissues, including squamous, cuboidal, and columnar types.
  • Recognize the diverse roles of connective tissues, such as bone, cartilage, blood, and adipose tissue.
  • Describe the characteristics of muscular and neural tissues and their importance in animal function.
  • Locate specific structures like the clitellum and setae in the earthworm and understand their functions.
  • Explain the concept of structural organization in animals from tissues to organ systems.

Topics covered

Paper topics

  • Animal Tissues
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Squamous Epithelium
  • Cuboidal Epithelium
  • Columnar Epithelium
  • Connective Tissue
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Blood
  • Muscular Tissue
  • Neural Tissue
  • Earthworm Anatomy
  • Clitellum
  • Setae

Important topics

  • Classification of Animal Tissues
  • Functions of Epithelial Tissues
  • Types and Functions of Connective Tissues
  • Characteristics of Muscular and Neural Tissues
  • Earthworm: External Morphology and Locomotion Structures

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Questions and Solutions

Question 1

Which one of the following types of cell is involved in making of the inner walls of large blood vessels?
  1. Cuboidal epithelium
  2. Columnar epithelium
  3. Squamous epithelium
  4. Stratified epithelium
Solution: The inner lining of large blood vessels, such as arteries and veins, is made up of a specialized type of simple squamous epithelium known as endothelium. This type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells that provide a smooth surface, minimizing friction for blood flow. Cuboidal and columnar epithelia are typically found in ducts and secretory surfaces, while stratified epithelium provides protection in areas subject to abrasion.

Answer: (c) Squamous epithelium

Question 2

Which one of the following categories does adipose tissue belong?
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Neural
Solution: Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue. It is primarily located beneath the skin and functions mainly in storing fats. The cells of adipose tissue are specialized for lipid storage. Epithelial tissue forms linings and coverings, muscular tissue is responsible for movement, and neural tissue transmits nerve impulses.

Answer: (b) Connective

Question 3

Which one of the following is not a connective tissue?
  1. Bone
  2. Cartilage
  3. Blood
  4. Muscles
Solution: Muscles are not classified as connective tissue. Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and movement. Bone, cartilage, and blood are all types of connective tissue. Bone is a rigid connective tissue, cartilage is a semi-rigid and flexible connective tissue, and blood is a fluid connective tissue.

Answer: (d) Muscles

Question 4

The clitellum is a distinct part in the body of earthworm, it is found in
  1. segment 13 - 14 - 15
  2. segment 14 - 15 - 16
  3. segment 12 - 13 - 14
  4. segment 15 - 16 - 17
Solution: The clitellum is a prominent, saddle-like glandular band that encircles certain segments of the earthworm's body. In the common earthworm species like *Pheretima* and *Lumbricus*, the clitellum is typically found on segments 14, 15, and 16. It plays a vital role in reproduction by secreting mucus and forming cocoons for the eggs.

Answer: (b) segment 14 - 15 - 16

Question 5

Setae help in locomotion in earthworm but are not uniformly, present in all the segments. They are present in
  1. 1st segment
  2. last segment
  3. clitellar segment
  4. 20th - 22nd segment
Solution: Setae are small, bristle-like structures made of chitin, found in most segments of the earthworm's body. They are crucial for locomotion as they anchor the worm to the substrate, providing leverage for movement. However, setae are characteristically absent in the first segment (peristomium), the last segment (anal segment), and the segments that form the clitellum (typically segments 14-16).

Answer: (d) 20th - 22nd segment

Common mistakes

  • Confusing the types of epithelial tissues and their specific locations.
  • Misclassifying tissues, particularly distinguishing between connective tissues and other types like muscles.
  • Incorrectly identifying the segments or structures in organisms like the earthworm.
  • Not fully understanding the specialized functions of different tissues within an organism.

Revision tips

  • Create flashcards for each tissue type, noting its structure, function, and examples.
  • Draw diagrams of different tissues and label their key features.
  • Focus on the specific examples provided, such as the blood vessels and earthworm anatomy.
  • Review the MCQs and their explanations to reinforce understanding of key concepts.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Which type of epithelial cell is primarily responsible for forming the inner lining of large blood vessels?

Q2. Adipose tissue, known for its fat-storing capabilities, is classified under which category of tissues?

Q3. Identify the tissue type that is NOT considered a connective tissue among the following options.

Q4. In the earthworm, the clitellum, a glandular band involved in reproduction, is typically found on which segments?

Q5. Setae, which aid in earthworm locomotion by gripping the substrate, are absent in which of the following segments?

Frequently asked questions

What are the main types of animal tissues covered in Chapter 7?

Chapter 7 covers the four primary types of animal tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and neural tissue, detailing their structures and functions.

What is the function of the clitellum in an earthworm?

The clitellum in an earthworm is a thickened, glandular section of the body wall that secretes a viscid cocoon for egg deposition and fertilization.

Why is squamous epithelium important in blood vessels?

Squamous epithelium, forming the endothelium, provides a smooth, friction-reducing lining within blood vessels, essential for efficient blood circulation.

How do these NCERT Solutions help with exam preparation?

These solutions provide clear, step-by-step explanations for each question, helping students understand complex concepts, reinforce their learning, and practice problem-solving for exams.

What distinguishes connective tissue from other tissue types?

Connective tissues generally support, connect, or separate different types of tissues and organs in the body. They often have cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, unlike epithelial, muscular, or neural tissues.

Important links

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