NCERT Class 9 Hindi Ganga: Chapter 10 — सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला'
This chapter introduces the renowned Hindi poet Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'. Born in 1899 in Bengal, Nirala was originally from Uttar Pradesh. His formal education reached the ninth grade, after which he self-studied Sanskrit, Bengali, and English. His major poetic works include 'Anamika', 'Parimal', 'Geetika', 'Kukurmutta', and 'Naye Patte'. He also gained fame for his novels, stories, criticism, and essays. Nirala's complete literary works are published in eight volumes. His writing is characterized by philosophy, rebellion, revolution, fluidity of love, and grand depictions of nature. He was a pioneer of free verse among Chhayavadi poets, showing deep sympathy for the neglected and oppressed. Nirala passed away in 1961. The chapter also features his patriotic poem 'Bharti, Jai, Vijaykare!', celebrating India's agricultural richness, natural beauty, and spiritual essence.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 9 |
| Subject | Hindi |
| Book | Ganga |
| Chapter | Chapter 10 — सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' |
| Language | Hindi |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 299 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the biographical details of Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'.
- Identify Nirala's major literary contributions and style.
- Analyze the themes of patriotism, nature, and social sympathy in Nirala's poetry.
- Appreciate the patriotic poem 'Bharti, Jai, Vijaykare!' and its imagery.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| स्वाध्याय | Self-study |
| काव्य रचनाएँ | Poetic works |
| उपन्यास | Novel |
| आलोचना | Criticism |
| दर्शनिकता | Philosophical nature |
| विद्रोह | Rebellion |
| क्रांति | Revolution |
| मुक्त छंद | Free verse |
| उपेक्षितों | Neglected people |
| पीड़ितों | Oppressed people |
| देशप्रेम | Patriotism |
| कनक-शस्य-कमलधरे | Land of golden crops and lotuses |
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Practice questions
- सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' का जन्म कब और कहाँ हुआ था? Answer: सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' का जन्म सन् 1899 में बंगाल के महिषादल में हुआ था।
- निराला की औपचारिक शिक्षा कहाँ तक हुई थी? Answer: निराला की औपचारिक शिक्षा नौवीं तक महिषादल में हुई थी।
- निराला की किन्हीं दो प्रमुख काव्य रचनाओं के नाम बताइए। Answer: निराला की प्रमुख काव्य रचनाएँ हैं— अनामिका, परिमल, गीतिका, कुकुरमुत्ता और नए पत्ते।
- 'भारति, जय, विजयकरे!' कविता में कवि भारत को किन उपमाओं से संबोधित करता है? Answer: कविता में कवि भारत को 'कनक-शस्य-कमलधरे!' कहकर संबोधित करता है।
- निराला ने छायावादी रचनाकारों में किस प्रकार का प्रयोग सबसे पहले किया? Answer: छायावादी रचनाकारों में निराला ने सबसे पहले मुक्त छंद का प्रयोग किया।
Frequently asked questions
Who was Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'?
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' was a prominent Hindi poet, novelist, story writer, critic, and essayist, known for his contributions to Chhayavadi poetry and his pioneering use of free verse.
When and where was Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' born?
He was born in 1899 in Mahishadal, Bengal, though his ancestral home was in Garhakola, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh.
What are some of Nirala's famous poetic works?
His famous poetic works include 'Anamika', 'Parimal', 'Geetika', 'Kukurmutta', and 'Naye Patte'.
What is the main theme of the poem 'Bharti, Jai, Vijaykare!'?
The poem 'Bharti, Jai, Vijaykare!' is a patriotic composition where the poet wishes victory for India and celebrates its agricultural richness, natural beauty, and spiritual essence.
What is significant about Nirala's contribution to Hindi poetry?
Nirala was the first among the Chhayavadi poets to use free verse, and his poetry often expressed deep sympathy for the neglected and oppressed.
When did Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' pass away?
He passed away in 1961.
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NCERT Class 9 Hindi — Ganga — Chapter 10 — सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला'. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.