NCERT Class 9 English Kaveri: Chapter 3 — Winds of Change
This chapter, "Winds of Change," from NCERT Class 9 English Kaveri, explores the historical and cultural significance of fans, particularly the traditional Indian pankha. It begins with a reflection on everyday fans and their local names and materials. The chapter then delves into the etymology of 'pankha' from the word 'pankh' (feather), tracing its origins and evolution. Evidence of pankhis, small plumed fans, is found in ancient Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta, dating back to the 2nd century CE, and other art forms. Traditionally used for fanning deities and royalty, pankhas varied greatly in size. Over time, they became important cultural trade items, valued for their exotic and stylish nature. Different regions developed unique pankha varieties using distinct materials and intricate designs, highlighting local craftsmanship. This chapter encourages an appreciation for traditional artefacts and the ingenuity of craftspersons.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 9 |
| Subject | English |
| Book | Kaveri |
| Chapter | Chapter 3 — Winds of Change |
| Language | English |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 372 |
Learning outcomes
- Identify and describe different types of fans and their materials.
- Understand the etymology and historical evolution of the pankha.
- Recognize the cultural significance of traditional Indian artefacts.
- Appreciate the craftsmanship and innovation of local artisans.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| indigenous | local—from where it originated |
| innovative | new and original in approach |
| industrious | hardworking |
| intricate | elaborate/detailed |
| invoked | brought out |
| initiatives | actions to improve a situation |
| artefact | an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest |
| craftspersons | people who make things by hand |
| etymology | the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history |
| deities | gods or goddesses |
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Practice questions
- What does the word 'pankh' mean in Hindi? Answer: The word 'pankh' means feather of a bird.
- Where can evidence of the use of pankhi be found from the 2nd century CE? Answer: Evidence can be found in Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta.
- What were pankhas used for in ancient times? Answer: In ancient times, pankhas were used in temples to fan deities and in royal courts to fan kings.
- What distinct features did different regional pankhas develop? Answer: Different regions developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs.
Frequently asked questions
What is the origin of the word 'pankha'?
The word 'pankha' originates from the word 'pankh', which means feather of a bird.
What is a 'pankhi'?
A 'pankhi' denotes a small plumed fan used in ancient India.
Where can we see ancient representations of pankhas?
Representations of the pankha can be found in Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta, embroidery work, sculptures, and carvings.
How did pankhas vary in size?
Pankhas varied in size from a tiny two-inch one to large ones requiring a person's full arm strength to move.
What made traditional pankhas significant cultural goods?
They were considered exotic and stylish and were distributed through trade routes.
What made regional pankhas distinct?
Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 9 English — Kaveri — Chapter 3 — Winds of Change. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.