NCERT Class 8 Social Science Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit): Chapter 2 — भारतस्य राजनैतिकस्य मानचित्रस्य पुनर्निर्माणम्
This chapter, "Reconstruction of the Political Map of India," from NCERT Class 8 Social Science (Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I) delves into the historical period often referred to as the latter half of India's medieval period, roughly from the 11th to the 17th century. It emphasizes the importance of understanding historical context and timelines, noting that the term "Middle Ages" originated in European history. The chapter highlights key events and empires, such as the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire, the arrival of the Portuguese, the Delhi Sultanate, and the Timur's invasion. It encourages students to visualize the geography occupied by various groups like soldiers, merchants, and scholars by examining maps. The text also touches upon the societal impact of political instability and invasions, prompting reflection on how the Indian society responded and how the economy adapted during these times, ultimately aiding students in their CBSE learning.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 8 |
| Subject | Social Science |
| Book | Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) |
| Chapter | Chapter 2 — भारतस्य राजनैतिकस्य मानचित्रस्य पुनर्निर्माणम् |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 260 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the concept of reconstructing India's political map.
- Identify key empires and events in India's medieval history.
- Analyze the impact of foreign invasions and new dynasties.
- Appreciate the role of maps in understanding historical geography.
- Differentiate between European and Indian historical periodization.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| पुनर्निर्माणम् | Reconstruction |
| राजनेैतिक | Political |
| मानचित्रम् | Map |
| मध्यकालः | Medieval period |
| साम्राज्यम् | Empire |
| आक्रमणम् | Invasion |
| वंशः | Dynasty |
| कालखण्डः | Time period/Chronology |
| पुनरुत्थानम् | Renaissance |
| वणिग्भिः | Merchants |
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Practice questions
- Which empires were established during the period discussed in the chapter? Answer: Vijayanagara Empire, Bahmani Empire, Delhi Sultanate, and Mewar state were re-established.
- What is the approximate time period considered as the latter half of the medieval period in India for this chapter? Answer: From the 11th century to the 17th century.
- Why is the term 'Middle Ages' not always suitable for Indian history? Answer: Because the historical context and development in India differ from Europe, where the term originated.
- Who invaded Delhi in 1398? Answer: Taimur invaded Delhi in 1398.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main focus of Chapter 2 of NCERT Class 8 Social Science, 'Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I'?
The chapter focuses on the reconstruction of India's political map during the latter half of its medieval period (approx. 11th-17th century).
When did the Vijayanagara Empire and the Delhi Sultanate get established?
The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 CE, and the Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 CE.
What significant event related to European arrival is mentioned?
The arrival of the Portuguese in India in 1498 CE is mentioned.
What historical event occurred in Delhi in 1398?
Taimur invaded Delhi in 1398.
Why is the term 'Middle Ages' sometimes considered inappropriate for Indian history?
The term 'Middle Ages' originated in European history and its direct application to India might not accurately reflect the distinct historical developments in the subcontinent.
How does the chapter suggest understanding the geography of the past?
By examining maps and visualizing the regions occupied by soldiers, common people, merchants, and scholars.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 8 Social Science — Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) — Chapter 2 — भारतस्य राजनैतिकस्य मानचित्रस्य पुनर्निर्माणम्. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.