NCERT Class 7 Social Science Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit): Chapter 9 — शासकात् शासितं पर्यन्तम् - सर्वकारस्य प्रकाराः
This chapter, 'From Ruler to Ruled - Types of Government', from NCERT Class 7 Social Science (Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I) delves into the multifaceted role of government in a nation's internal administration. It outlines the ruler's duties, including defense, maintaining law and order, and ensuring public welfare, as emphasized in Arthashastra by Kautilya. The chapter revisits the concept of government introduced in Class 6, highlighting its crucial functions: upholding law, ensuring peace and security, managing foreign relations, protecting the nation, providing essential goods and services like education and healthcare, managing the economy, and working for public welfare. It also touches upon the democratic form of government in India and acknowledges that while many countries have democratic governments, variations exist. The chapter aims to explore different types of governments, their distinctions, and their operational mechanisms, preparing students for a deeper understanding of governance.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 7 |
| Subject | Social Science |
| Book | Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) |
| Chapter | Chapter 9 — शासकात् शासितं पर्यन्तम् - सर्वकारस्य प्रकाराः |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 2 minutes |
| Word count | 240 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the ruler's duties in internal administration: defense, law and order, and public welfare.
- Identify the key functions of a government in society.
- Recall that India has a democratic form of government.
- Recognize that different countries have different types of governments.
- Learn about the variations among democratic governments.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| आभ्ययन्तरप्रशासने | in internal administration |
| रक्षा | defense |
| पालनं | maintenance (of law and order) |
| योगक्षेमं | welfare |
| विधि-व्यवस्थायाः | of law and order |
| लोकतान्त्रि��करूपम्् | democratic form |
| शासनं | government |
| आधारभूता संरचना | basic infrastructure |
| अर्थव्यवस्थायाः | of the economy |
| आर्थिक क्रि�याकलापानां | of economic activities |
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Practice questions
- What are the three-fold duties of a ruler in internal administration? Answer: The three-fold duties are defense (protection from external aggression), maintenance of law and order within the state, and ensuring the welfare of the people.
- What are some key functions of a government in our lives? Answer: Key functions include maintaining law and order, ensuring peace and security, managing foreign relations, protecting the nation, providing essential goods and services (education, healthcare), managing the economy, and working for public welfare.
- What form of government does India have? Answer: India has a democratic form of government.
- Do all democratic governments function in the same way? Answer: No, not all democratic governments function in the same way; there are variations among them.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main focus of Chapter 9 of Class 7 Social Science?
The chapter focuses on 'From Ruler to Ruled - Types of Government', exploring the functions and various forms of government.
What are the ruler's responsibilities mentioned in the chapter?
The ruler's responsibilities include defense, maintaining law and order, and ensuring public welfare.
What role does the government play in society?
The government maintains law and order, ensures peace and security, manages foreign relations, protects the nation, provides essential services, manages the economy, and works for public welfare.
What type of government does India have?
India has a democratic form of government.
Are all governments the same?
No, the chapter indicates that while many countries have democratic governments, there are variations among them and other types of governments also exist.
What is the significance of the chapter for Class 7 students?
It helps students understand the structure and functions of government, a fundamental aspect of social science and civic life.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 7 Social Science — Exploring Society India and Beyond Part-I (Sanskrit) — Chapter 9 — शासकात् शासितं पर्यन्तम् - सर्वकारस्य प्रकाराः. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.