NCERT Class 7 Sanskrit Deepakam: Chapter 14 — शब्दरूपाणि
This chapter, 'शब्दरूपाणि' (Shabdaroopani) from NCERT's Class 7 Sanskrit textbook 'Deepakam', focuses on the declension of nouns based on their ending vowels (अजन्ताः). It systematically explains the different cases (विभक्तिः) and numbers (एकवचनम्, द्विवचनम्, बहुवचनम्) for masculine nouns ending in 'अ' (अकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः) like देव and राम, 'इ' (इकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः) like कवि and हरि, 'उ' (उकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः) like शम्भु and गुरु, and 'ऋ' (ऋकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः) like पितृ and नेत्र. Understanding these declensions is crucial for constructing grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences and is a fundamental aspect of CBSE Sanskrit learning.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 7 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Deepakam |
| Chapter | Chapter 14 — शब्दरूपाणि |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 3 minutes |
| Word count | 517 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the concept of noun declensions based on ending vowels (अजन्ताः).
- Learn the declension patterns for masculine nouns ending in 'अ', 'इ', 'उ', and 'ऋ'.
- Identify and correctly use different cases (विभक्तिः) and numbers (वचनम्) in Sanskrit.
- Apply knowledge of शब्दरूपाणि to form grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| अजन्ताः | Nouns ending in vowels (स्वर) |
| पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः | Masculine nouns |
| अकारान्तः | Ending in 'अ' |
| इकारान्तः | Ending in 'इ' |
| उकारान्तः | Ending in 'उ' |
| ऋकारान्तः | Ending in 'ऋ' |
| विभक्तिः | Case (e.g., प्रथमा, द्वितीया) |
| एकवचनम् | Singular number |
| द्विवचनम् | Dual number |
| बहुवचनम् | Plural number |
| सम्बोधनम् | Vocative case |
| उदाहरणम् | Example |
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Practice questions
- 'देव' शब्द के प्रथमा विभक्ति, द्विवचन और बहुवचन रूप लिखिए। Answer: द्विवचन: देवौ, बहुवचन: देवाः
- 'कवि' शब्द के तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन रूप लिखिए। Answer: एकवचन: कविना
- 'गुरु' शब्द के चतुर्थी विभक्ति, एकवचन रूप लिखिए। Answer: एकवचन: गुरवे
- 'पितृ' शब्द के षष्ठी विभक्ति, बहुवचन रूप लिखिए। Answer: बहुवचन: पितॄणाम्
- 'राम' शब्द के द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन रूप लिखिए। Answer: बहुवचन: रामान्
Frequently asked questions
What does 'अजन्ताः' mean in Sanskrit grammar?
'अजन्ताः' refers to nouns whose final letter is a vowel (स्वर).
What are the different cases (विभक्तिः) explained in this chapter?
The chapter explains प्रथमा, द्वितीया, तृतीया, चतुर्थी, पञ्चमी, षष्ठी, सप्तमी, and सम्बोधनम्.
Give examples of masculine nouns ending in 'अ' (अकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः).
Examples include देव, राम, बाल, भीम, शिव, कृष्ण, and वृक्ष.
What is the dual form of 'कवि' in the प्रथमा विभक्ति?
The dual form in प्रथमा विभक्ति is 'कवी'.
How are masculine nouns ending in 'उ' (उकारान्तः पुंलिङ्गशब्दाः) like 'गुरु' declined?
They are declined across different cases and numbers, with specific forms for singular, dual, and plural, as shown in the chapter's tables.
What is the significance of learning शब्दरूपाणि?
Learning शब्दरूपाणि is essential for understanding Sanskrit grammar, constructing correct sentences, and comprehending Sanskrit texts.
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NCERT Class 7 Sanskrit — Deepakam — Chapter 14 — शब्दरूपाणि. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.