NCERT Class 4 Arts Bansuri - I (Sanskrit): Chapter 10 — सङ्गीतस्य निर्माणम्
This chapter, 'सङ्गीतस्य निर्माणम्' (The Making of Music), from NCERT Class 4 Arts Bansuri - I, introduces the rich and ancient tradition of Indian classical music. It explains that this tradition, dating back to the Vedic period, evolved into two main styles: Carnatic music (South Indian classical music) and Hindustani music (North Indian classical music). The chapter highlights that Indian classical music is typically learned through an oral tradition, where students practice extensively under a guru, fostering a strong bond. It defines 'Raga' as a melodic form based on a specific set of notes, with 'Aroha' (ascent) and 'Avaroha' (descent) describing the ascending and descending patterns of notes. Both Carnatic and Hindustani music have their own Ragas and 'Tal' (rhythmic cycles). Learning the Raga and Tal is beneficial for understanding the music. 'Tal' is defined as a rhythmic cycle used for timekeeping in Indian classical music, providing a stable rhythmic structure for the entire composition. This chapter lays the foundation for understanding the core elements of Indian classical music for young learners.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 4 |
| Subject | Arts |
| Book | Bansuri - I (Sanskrit) |
| Chapter | Chapter 10 — सङ्गीतस्य निर्माणम् |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 1 minute |
| Word count | 147 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the ancient tradition of Indian classical music.
- Differentiate between Carnatic and Hindustani music styles.
- Define Raga and its components (Aroha, Avaroha).
- Define Tal as a rhythmic cycle in music.
- Appreciate the oral tradition of learning music.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| सङ्गीतस्य | of music |
| निर्माणम् | making, creation |
| भारतीय-शास्त्रीय-सङ्गीतस्य | of Indian classical music |
| परम्परा | tradition |
| वेदकालाद् | from the Vedic period |
| कर्णाटक-सङ्गीतम् | Carnatic music |
| हिन्दुस्तानी-सङ्गीतं | Hindustani music |
| मौखिकपरम्परायां | in the oral tradition |
| शिष्यः | disciple, student |
| गुरोः | of the teacher |
| रागः | Raga (melodic framework) |
| तालः | Tal (rhythmic cycle) |
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Practice questions
- भारतीय-शास्त्रीय-सङ्गीतस्य कति मुख्यशैल्यः सन्ति? Answer: भारतीय-शास्त्रीय-सङ्गीतस्य द्वे मुख्यशैल्यः सन्ति - कर्णाटक-सङ्गीतम् च हिन्दुस्तानी-सङ्गीतं।
- रागः इति किम्? Answer: रागः स्वराणां विशिष्टसमूहस्य आधारेण भवति।
- स्वराणाम् आरोहणस्य दक्षता किम् उच्यते? Answer: स्वराणाम् आरोहणस्य दक्षता आरोहः इति वा आरोहणम् इति वा कथ्यते।
- तालः कस्य कृते प्रयोगं क्रियते? Answer: तालः भारतीयशास्त्रीयसङ्गीते कालमापनाय क्रियते।
Frequently asked questions
What is the origin of Indian classical music?
Indian classical music has a rich and ancient tradition dating back to the Vedic period.
What are the two main styles of Indian classical music?
The two main styles are Carnatic music (South Indian) and Hindustani music (North Indian).
How is Indian classical music traditionally learned?
It is traditionally learned through an oral tradition, where students practice under a guru for a long time.
What is a Raga in Indian classical music?
A Raga is a melodic form based on a specific group of notes.
What are Aroha and Avaroha?
Aroha refers to the ascending scale of notes, and Avaroha refers to the descending scale of notes in a Raga.
What is the purpose of Tal in music?
Tal is a rhythmic cycle used for timekeeping in Indian classical music, providing a stable rhythmic structure.
Related resources
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Topics covered
NCERT Class 4 Arts — Bansuri - I (Sanskrit) — Chapter 10 — सङ्गीतस्य निर्माणम्. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.