NCERT Class 2 Mathematics Joyful-Mathematics (Sanskrit): Chapter 9 — अर्यः के: ऋतवः ? (कालमापनम्)
This chapter, "अर्यः के: ऋतवः ? (कालमापनम्)" (Seasons), from NCERT's Joyful Mathematics for Class 2 in Sanskrit, introduces students to the six distinct seasons. It describes the characteristics of each season: Grishma-ritu (Summer) with a hot sun and sweat, Vasanta-ritu (Spring) with new leaves and flowers, Varsha-ritu (Monsoon) with rain and frogs, Sharad-ritu (Autumn) with falling leaves and wind, and Hemanta-ritu (Pre-winter) with cold winds and rare sunshine. The chapter uses simple Sanskrit verses and engaging descriptions to help young learners understand the cyclical nature of seasons and their impact on daily life. It encourages discussion about personal preferences for seasons and regional variations in clothing and food, fostering a holistic understanding of the environment and culture.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 2 |
| Subject | Mathematics |
| Book | Joyful-Mathematics (Sanskrit) |
| Chapter | Chapter 9 — अर्यः के: ऋतवः ? (कालमापनम्) |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 1 minute |
| Word count | 167 |
Learning outcomes
- Identify and name the six seasons in Sanskrit.
- Describe the key characteristics of each season.
- Understand the cyclical nature of seasons.
- Discuss the impact of seasons on daily life and regional customs.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ऋतुः | Season |
| ग्रीष्म-ऋतुः | Summer season |
| सूर्यः | Sun |
| उष्णसमीरः | Hot wind |
| स्वेदः | Sweat |
| वसन्त-ऋतुः | Spring season |
| पत्राणि | Leaves |
| पुष्पाणि | Flowers |
| पक्षिणाम् | Of birds |
| गुञ्जनम् | Chirping/Humming |
| वर्षा-ऋतुः | Rainy season |
| मेघाः | Clouds |
The complete chapter text is read in the official NCERT PDF viewer below (streamed from ncert.nic.in). This page provides NCERT Help study material — summary, vocabulary, practice questions, and FAQs — not a full reproduction of the textbook.
Read chapter online
This PDF is loaded from the official NCERT website (ncert.nic.in). Use the page buttons below to read — download is disabled on NCERT Help.
Read page by page below. PDF is streamed from the official NCERT website — no download button on this page.
Practice questions
- कस्मिन् ऋतौ सूर्यः तपति? Answer: ग्रीष्म-ऋतौ सूर्यः तपति।
- वृक्षे वृक्षे नव पत्राणि कस्मिन् ऋतौ शोभन्ते? Answer: वसन्त-ऋतौ वृक्षे वृक्षे नव पत्राणि शोभन्ते।
- कूर्दति मण्डूकः कस्मिन् ऋतौ? Answer: वर्षा-ऋतौ कूर्दति मण्डूकः।
- सूर्यदर्शनं कस्मिन् ऋतौ दुर्लभं भवति? Answer: हेमन्त-ऋतौ सूर्यदर्शनं दुर्लभं भवति।
Frequently asked questions
What are the six seasons mentioned in the chapter?
The chapter mentions Grishma-ritu (Summer), Vasanta-ritu (Spring), Varsha-ritu (Monsoon), Sharad-ritu (Autumn), and Hemanta-ritu (Pre-winter). The sixth season is implied through the descriptions of cold and winter.
What happens in the Grishma-ritu (Summer)?
In Grishma-ritu, the sun is hot, the wind is warm, and people sweat like water. Children play more and enjoy ice cream.
What are the signs of Vasanta-ritu (Spring)?
In Vasanta-ritu, new leaves appear on trees, new flowers bloom, birds chirp sweetly, and the wind carries fragrance.
What is described during Varsha-ritu (Monsoon)?
During Varsha-ritu, clouds thunder in the sky, rain falls, frogs croak, and peacocks dance beautifully.
What changes occur in Sharad-ritu (Autumn)?
In Sharad-ritu, leaves fall with a rustling sound, the wind blows, and it is a time of change, marking the end of summer.
What are the conditions in Hemanta-ritu (Pre-winter)?
In Hemanta-ritu, seeing the sun becomes difficult, teeth chatter continuously, snow falls on mountains, and the wind is very cold.
What activities are suggested for students?
Students are encouraged to discuss holidays in different seasons, their birthday season, their favorite season and its features, how seasons affect daily life, and regional clothing and food.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 2 Mathematics — Joyful-Mathematics (Sanskrit) — Chapter 9 — अर्यः के: ऋतवः ? (कालमापनम्). Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.