NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Business Studies-I: Chapter 8 — === page_7 (layout_surya) ===
This chapter, "Controlling," from NCERT Class 12 Business Studies (Business Studies-I), explains the crucial management function of controlling. It defines controlling as ensuring that organizational activities are performed as per plans, utilizing resources effectively and efficiently to achieve predetermined goals. The chapter highlights that controlling is a pervasive and primary function for managers at all levels, essential for accomplishing organizational goals by measuring progress, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions. It also emphasizes the importance of judging the accuracy of standards and how controlling completes the management cycle by informing future planning. The text introduces Departure Control Systems (DCS) as an example of automated airport management operations, illustrating the practical application of control mechanisms in a business context. Ultimately, controlling ensures that activities conform to set standards, guiding the organization towards its objectives.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 12 |
| Subject | Business Studies |
| Book | Business Studies-I |
| Chapter | Chapter 8 — === page_7 (layout_surya) === |
| Language | English |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 4 minutes |
| Word count | 653 |
Learning outcomes
- Explain the meaning of controlling.
- State the importance of controlling.
- Describe the relationship between planning and controlling.
- Explain the steps in the process of controlling.
- Describe the techniques of controlling.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Controlling | Ensuring that activities in an organisation are performed as per the plans and resources are used effectively and efficiently for the achievement of predetermined goals. |
| Departure Control System (DCS) | Automates an airline's airport management operations, including check-in, baggage acceptance, and boarding control. |
| Passenger Name Record (PNR) | Information captured by DCS about passengers, including updated reservations. |
| Pervasive function | A function performed by managers at all levels of management. |
| Corrective action | Measures taken to rectify deviations from planned standards. |
| Standards | Predetermined benchmarks or targets against which performance is measured. |
| Efficiency | Performing tasks with minimum waste of resources. |
| Effectiveness | Achieving the planned goals. |
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Practice questions
- What is the primary role of the controlling function in management? Answer: To ensure that activities are performed as per plans and to achieve predetermined goals.
- How does controlling relate to planning? Answer: Controlling completes the management cycle by measuring performance against plans and providing feedback for future planning.
- Give an example of a technique of controlling. Answer: The text mentions judging accuracy of standards and taking corrective action, which are part of controlling techniques.
- Why is controlling considered a pervasive function? Answer: Because it is required at all levels of management and in all types of organizations.
Practice MCQs
Q1. Which management function ensures that activities conform to standards set in advance?
Explanation: Controlling is the management function that measures progress against standards and takes corrective action to ensure goals are achieved.
Q2. A Departure Control System (DCS) is primarily used in which industry?
Explanation: DCS automates an airline's airport management operations, such as check-in and baggage handling.
Q3. Controlling is considered a function that:
Explanation: Controlling measures current performance against plans and uses this information to improve future planning.
Q4. Which of the following is NOT a learning objective mentioned in the chapter?
Explanation: The chapter focuses on the management function of controlling and does not include a discussion on the role of marketing in it.
Q5. According to Koontz and O' Donnel, managerial control implies:
Explanation: Their definition highlights the measurement of performance against standards and the correction of any deviations found.
Frequently asked questions
What is the core definition of controlling in management?
Controlling is the management function that ensures activities are performed as per plans, utilizing resources effectively and efficiently to achieve predetermined goals.
Why is controlling essential for achieving organizational goals?
It measures progress towards goals, identifies deviations from standards, and indicates corrective actions, keeping the organization on track.
How does controlling relate to planning?
Controlling completes the management cycle by comparing actual performance with planned standards and provides insights for improving future plans.
Is controlling only for top-level managers?
No, controlling is a pervasive function required by managers at all levels—top, middle, and lower—in any organization.
What is a Departure Control System (DCS)?
A DCS is a system used in airlines to automate airport management operations like check-in, baggage acceptance, and boarding control.
What does managerial control involve according to Koontz and O' Donnel?
It involves measuring accomplishment against standards and correcting deviations to ensure objectives are met according to plans.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 12 Business Studies — Business Studies-I — Chapter 8 — === page_7 (layout_surya) ===. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.