NCERT Class 11 Geography Pratical Work in Geography: Chapter 1 — Introduction to Maps
This chapter introduces the fundamental concept of maps in Geography. It explains that while a globe best represents the Earth's geoid shape, a map is a simplified, two-dimensional depiction of the Earth or its parts on paper, drawn at a reduced scale using map projections. Maps simplify complex features using symbols, colours, and shades. The chapter defines a map as a selective, symbolised, and generalised representation. It also introduces related terms like 'sketch map', 'cadastral map', 'cartography', 'scale', and 'projection'. Understanding these elements is crucial for interpreting geographical information and is a foundational skill for students of Geography, aligning with CBSE learning objectives.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 11 |
| Subject | Geography |
| Book | Pratical Work in Geography |
| Chapter | Chapter 1 — Introduction to Maps |
| Language | English |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 3 minutes |
| Word count | 458 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the definition and purpose of a map.
- Differentiate between a globe and a map.
- Recognize the need for scale and projection in map creation.
- Identify key elements like symbols and colours used in maps.
- Define basic cartographic terms such as scale, projection, and cartography.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Geoid | An oblate spheroid whose shape resembles the actual shape of the Earth. |
| Map | A selective, symbolised and generalised representation of the whole or part of the earth at a reduced scale. |
| Scale | The ratio between the distances of two points on the map and the actual distance on the ground. |
| Projection-Map | The system of the transformation of the spherical surface onto a plane surface. |
| Sketch Map | A simplified map drawn freehand which fails to preserve the true scale or orientation. |
| Cadastral Map | A large-scale map showing property boundaries. |
| Cartography | Art, science and technology of making maps. |
| Generalisation-Map | A simplified representation of features on the map, appropriate to its scale or purpose. |
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Practice questions
- What is the difference between a globe and a map? Answer: A globe is a three-dimensional representation of the Earth, best showing its geoid shape, while a map is a two-dimensional, simplified depiction on paper.
- Why are maps drawn at a reduced scale? Answer: Maps are drawn at a reduced scale because it's impossible to represent all features of the Earth's surface in their true size on a piece of paper.
- Define 'Cartography'. Answer: Cartography is the art, science, and technology of making maps, charts, plans, and their study and use.
- What is the purpose of using symbols and colours in maps? Answer: Symbols and colours are used to simplify the representation of different features on a map, making it easier to understand.
Practice MCQs
Q1. Which of the following best represents the three-dimensional shape of the Earth?
Explanation: A globe is a spherical model that accurately represents the Earth's three-dimensional geoid shape.
Q2. A map is a representation of the Earth on a:
Explanation: A map is a simplified, two-dimensional depiction of the Earth or its parts on a flat surface like paper.
Q3. The ratio between distances on a map and the actual ground is known as:
Explanation: Scale is the fundamental concept that relates distances on a map to the corresponding distances on the ground.
Q4. Which term refers to the art, science, and technology of making maps?
Explanation: Cartography encompasses all aspects of map creation, from design to production and study.
Q5. A simplified map drawn freehand, which may not preserve true scale or orientation, is called a:
Explanation: A sketch map is a quick, freehand drawing that prioritizes general representation over accuracy in scale and orientation.
Frequently asked questions
What is the primary function of a map?
A map serves as a simplified, symbolised, and generalised representation of the whole or a part of the Earth on a flat surface, typically at a reduced scale.
Why is a globe considered a better representation of the Earth than a map?
A globe is a three-dimensional model that accurately represents the Earth's geoid shape, whereas a map is a two-dimensional projection which inevitably involves some distortion.
What does 'scale' mean in the context of maps?
Scale refers to the ratio between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground, allowing for accurate representation at a reduced size.
What is 'cartography'?
Cartography is the discipline concerned with the art, science, and technology of making maps, charts, and plans, as well as their study and use.
How do maps simplify complex geographical features?
Maps use a system of symbols, colours, and shades to represent complex features in a simplified and generalised manner, making them easier to interpret.
What is the difference between a map and a sketch map?
A map is drawn using specific scales and projections for accuracy, while a sketch map is a freehand drawing that may not preserve true scale or orientation.
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NCERT Class 11 Geography — Pratical Work in Geography — Chapter 1 — Introduction to Maps. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.