NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi: Chapter 10 — कर्ता— क्रियया को स्वतन्त्र रूप से करने वाले को कर्ता कहते हैं।
This chapter, 'कारक और विभक्ति' (Karaka and Vibhakti) from NCERT's Class 10 Sanskrit textbook Vyakaranavithi, explains the concept of 'Karaka' in Sanskrit grammar. A Karaka is defined as that which aids in the completion of an action or verb. The chapter details the six main Karakas: Kartaa (Subject), Karma (Object), Karan (Instrument), Sampradaan (Dative), Apaadaan (Ablative), and Adhikaran (Locative). It provides definitions and examples for each Karaka, illustrating how they relate to the verb in a sentence. The text also clarifies that Sambandh (Relation) and Sambodhan (Vocative) are not considered Karakas in Sanskrit as they do not directly relate to the verb. Understanding Karakas and Vibhaktis is crucial for constructing grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences and comprehending complex texts, aiding CBSE students in their Sanskrit studies.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Sanskrit |
| Book | Vyakaranavithi |
| Chapter | Chapter 10 — कर्ता— क्रियया को स्वतन्त्र रूप से करने वाले को कर्ता कहते हैं। |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 3 minutes |
| Word count | 447 |
Learning outcomes
- Define and identify the six Karakas in Sanskrit.
- Understand the role of Vibhakti in relation to Karakas.
- Differentiate between Karakas, Sambandh, and Sambodhan.
- Analyze Sanskrit sentences to identify the Karaka of each noun.
- Apply knowledge of Karakas to construct grammatically correct Sanskrit sentences.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| कारक | That which aids in the completion of an action; a grammatical case. |
| विभक्ति | Inflection or case ending indicating the grammatical function of a noun or pronoun. |
| कर्ता | The doer of an action; the subject. |
| कर्म | The object of an action; that which is affected by the verb. |
| करण | The instrument or means by which an action is performed. |
| सम्प्रदान | The recipient of a gift or the purpose for which an action is done; dative case. |
| अपादान | The point from which separation occurs; ablative case. |
| अधिकरण | The location or basis of an action; locative case. |
| क्रिया | Verb; action. |
| स्वतंत्र | Independent. |
| अभीष्ट | Most desired. |
| सहायक | Helper; assistant. |
The complete chapter text is read in the official NCERT PDF viewer below (streamed from ncert.nic.in). This page provides NCERT Help study material — summary, vocabulary, practice questions, and FAQs — not a full reproduction of the textbook.
Read chapter online
This PDF is loaded from the official NCERT website (ncert.nic.in). Use the page buttons below to read — download is disabled on NCERT Help.
Read page by page below. PDF is streamed from the official NCERT website — no download button on this page.
Practice questions
- क्रिया को स्वतंत्र रूप से करने वाले को क्या कहते हैं? Answer: कर्ता
- कर्ता के सर्वाधिक अभीष्ट को क्या कहते हैं? Answer: कर्म
- क्रिया की सिद्धि में कर्ता के प्रमुख सहायक को क्या कहते हैं? Answer: करण
- संस्कृत में कितने कारक माने जाते हैं? Answer: छः (कर्ता, कर्म, करण, सम्प्रदान, अपादान, अधिकरण)
- क्या सम्बंध और सम्बोधन को कारक माना जाता है? Answer: नहीं, क्योंकि वे क्रिया से सीधे सम्बद्ध नहीं होते।
Frequently asked questions
What is a Karaka in Sanskrit?
A Karaka is defined as that which aids in the completion of an action (verb) in a sentence. It describes the relationship of a noun or pronoun to the verb.
How many Karakas are there in Sanskrit?
There are six main Karakas in Sanskrit: Kartaa (Subject), Karma (Object), Karan (Instrument), Sampradaan (Dative), Apaadaan (Ablative), and Adhikaran (Locative).
Are Sambandh (Relation) and Sambodhan (Vocative) considered Karakas?
No, Sambandh and Sambodhan are not considered Karakas in Sanskrit because they do not have a direct connection with the verb (kriya).
What is the role of Vibhakti?
Vibhakti (case endings) are used to indicate the specific Karaka of a noun or pronoun and its relationship to the verb.
What is the Kartaa Karaka?
The Kartaa Karaka is the independent doer of the action. For example, in 'Girish reads a book', 'Girish' is the Kartaa.
What is the Karma Karaka?
The Karma Karaka is that which is most desired by the Kartaa in the action. In 'Girish reads a book', 'book' is the Karma.
Related resources
Important topics
Topics covered
NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit — Vyakaranavithi — Chapter 10 — कर्ता— क्रियया को स्वतन्त्र रूप से करने वाले को कर्ता कहते हैं।. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.