NCERT Class 10 Hindi Kshitij-2: Chapter 5 — नागार्जुन
This chapter from NCERT Class 10 Hindi textbook 'Kshitij-2' focuses on the poet Nagarjun. It details his birth in 1911 in Bihar, his original name Vaidyanath Mishra, and his education. The chapter highlights his travels, including a significant period in Sri Lanka where he embraced Buddhism. It lists his major poetry collections like 'Yugdhara' and 'Satrange Pankhon Wali', and mentions his contributions to novels and prose. Nagarjun's literary awards, including the Sahitya Akademi Award for his work in Maithili, are noted. His political activism, leading to imprisonment, is also discussed. The chapter emphasizes his deep connection with folk life, his critique of corruption and societal decline, and his mastery of satire, earning him the title 'Modern Kabir'. His poetry, popular in both rural and literary circles, reflects his role as a 'Janakavi' (people's poet). The chapter also introduces two of his poems: 'Danturit Muskan', which explores the enchanting smile of a baby and its life-affirming beauty, and 'Fasal', which explains the elements contributing to crop production, highlighting the synergy between nature and human effort, and its relevance in an era of consumerism.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Hindi |
| Book | Kshitij-2 |
| Chapter | Chapter 5 — नागार्जुन |
| Language | Hindi |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 3 minutes |
| Word count | 474 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the biographical details and literary contributions of poet Nagarjun.
- Analyze the themes and imagery in Nagarjun's poems 'Danturit Muskan' and 'Fasal'.
- Appreciate Nagarjun's role as a people's poet and his social commentary.
- Recognize the significance of nature and human collaboration in agriculture as depicted in 'Fasal'.
- Develop an understanding of poetic expression through various literary devices.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| दंतुरित | having small, sharp teeth, especially referring to a baby's first teeth |
| मनोहारी | charming, captivating, enchanting |
| व्याप्ति | extent, scope, pervasiveness |
| मोहकता | charm, allure, enchantment |
| लहलहाती | flourishing, luxuriant (referring to crops) |
| रेखांकित | underlined, highlighted, emphasized |
| सृजन | creation, generation |
| उपभोक्ता-संस्कृति | consumer culture |
| कृषि-संस्कृति | agricultural culture |
| जनकवि | people's poet |
| व्यंग्य | satire, sarcasm |
| छायावादोत्तर | post-Chhayavada era |
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Practice questions
- नागार्जुन का मूल नाम क्या था और उनका जन्म कब और कहाँ हुआ था? Answer: नागार्जुन का मूल नाम वैद्यनाथ मिश्र था और उनका जन्म सन 1911 में बिहार के दरभंगा जिले के सतलखा गाँव में हुआ था।
- नागार्जुन को 'आधुनिक कबीर' क्यों कहा जाता है? Answer: नागार्जुन को 'आधुनिक कबीर' कहा जाता है क्योंकि वे व्यंग्य में माहिर थे और लोकजीवन से जुड़े मुद्दों पर बेबाकी से लिखते थे, जैसे कबीर करते थे।
- 'दंतुरित मुस्कान' कविता में कवि को बच्चे की मुस्कान में क्या संदेश मिलता है? Answer: कवि को बच्चे की मुस्कान में जीवन का संदेश मिलता है और वे मानते हैं कि इस सुंदरता में कठोर से कठोर मन को पिघलाने की शक्ति है।
- 'फसल' कविता में किन-किन तत्वों के योगदान से फसल पैदा होती है, यह बताया गया है? Answer: कविता में बताया गया है कि फसल पैदा करने में प्रकृति (जैसे वर्षा, धूप) और मनुष्य के सहयोग (जैसे जुताई, बुवाई) जैसे तत्वों का योगदान होता है।
- नागार्जुन ने किन भाषाओं में लेखन किया? Answer: नागार्जुन ने हिंदी, मैथिली, बांग्ला और संस्कृत भाषाओं में लेखन किया।
Frequently asked questions
Who is the poet of Chapter 5 of Kshitij-2?
The poet of Chapter 5, 'Atmanepad', of Kshitij-2 is Nagarjun.
What is Nagarjun's original name?
Nagarjun's original name was Vaidyanath Mishra.
Which poems by Nagarjun are discussed in this chapter?
The chapter discusses Nagarjun's poems 'Danturit Muskan' (The Toothy Smile) and 'Fasal' (Crop).
Why is Nagarjun called the 'Modern Kabir'?
Nagarjun is called the 'Modern Kabir' because he was a master of satire and wrote fearlessly about issues connected to folk life, similar to Kabir.
What is the main theme of the poem 'Fasal'?
The poem 'Fasal' highlights the contribution of natural elements and human effort in crop production, emphasizing the synergy between nature and man.
In which languages did Nagarjun write?
Nagarjun wrote in Hindi, Maithili, Bangla, and Sanskrit.
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NCERT Class 10 Hindi — Kshitij-2 — Chapter 5 — नागार्जुन. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.