NCERT Class 10 Hindi Kshitij-2: Chapter 12 — भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन
This chapter, 'Sanskriti' (Culture) by Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan, explores the complex relationship between civilization and culture. Born in 1905, Kausalyayan was a prolific writer and a Buddhist monk who dedicated his life to promoting Buddhism and the Hindi language. The essay delves into the definition of civilization and culture, questioning if they are the same or distinct. Kausalyayan posits that culture is the outcome of civilization and views human culture as indivisible. He expresses dismay towards those who divide culture, asserting that anything not beneficial to humanity is neither civilization nor culture. His extensive travels and association with Mahatma Gandhi deeply influenced his perspective, which he conveyed through simple, conversational prose in his essays, memoirs, and travelogues. This chapter encourages readers to contemplate these intricate questions, fostering a deeper understanding of societal values and human progress.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE / NCERT |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Hindi |
| Book | Kshitij-2 |
| Chapter | Chapter 12 — भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन |
| Language | Hindi |
| PDF type | NCERT Textbook |
| Session | CBSE 2026 |
| Reading time | 1 minute |
| Word count | 169 |
Learning outcomes
- Understand the definitions and relationship between civilization and culture.
- Analyze Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan's perspective on the indivisibility of human culture.
- Appreciate the author's critique of cultural division.
- Recognize the influence of personal experiences and philosophical beliefs on writing.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| तत्कालीन | contemporary / of that time |
| शिले | district |
| भिक्षु | monk |
| निधन | demise / death |
| अनूदित | translated |
| उल्लेखनीय | noteworthy / remarkable |
| व्यापकता | breadth / comprehensiveness |
| सृजनात्मकता | creativity |
| समृद्ध | enriched / prosperous |
| व्यक्तित्व | personality |
| कृतित्व | work / achievements |
| संस्मरण | memoir |
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Practice questions
- भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन का जन्म कब और कहाँ हुआ था? Answer: भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन का जन्म सन 1905 में तत्कालीन पंजाब के अंबाला शिले के सोहाना गाँव में हुआ था।
- लेखक के अनुसार सभ्यता और संस्कृति में क्या संबंध है? Answer: लेखक सभ्यता को संस्कृति का परिणाम मानते हैं और कहते हैं कि मानव संस्कृति अविभाज्य वस्तु है।
- लेखक किन लोगों पर रोष प्रकट करते हैं? Answer: लेखक उन लोगों पर रोष प्रकट करते हैं जो संस्कृति का बँटवारा करते हैं।
- लेखक की दृष्टि में क्या न सभ्यता है और न संस्कृति? Answer: लेखक की दृष्टि में जो मनुष्य के लिए कल्याणकारी नहीं है, वह न सभ्यता है और न संस्कृति।
- भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन किनसे प्रभावित थे? Answer: भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन गांधी जी के व्यक्तित्व एवं कृतित्व से विशेष प्रभावित थे।
Frequently asked questions
Who was Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan?
Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan (born 1905) was a Buddhist monk, writer, and promoter of the Hindi language, known for his essays, memoirs, and travelogues.
What is the main theme of the chapter 'Sanskriti'?
The chapter discusses the relationship between civilization and culture, arguing that culture is a result of civilization and that human culture is indivisible.
What does the author mean by 'indivisible human culture'?
The author believes that culture cannot be divided and that anything not beneficial to humanity is neither civilization nor culture.
Which prominent Indian leader influenced Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan?
Mahatma Gandhi's personality and work greatly influenced Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan.
What kind of language does Kausalyayan use in his writings?
He uses simple, conversational language in his essays, memoirs, and travelogues.
What is the author's view on those who divide culture?
The author expresses anger and sadness towards people who attempt to divide culture.
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NCERT Class 10 Hindi — Kshitij-2 — Chapter 12 — भदंत आनंद कौसल्यायन. Verified by NCERT Help Editorial Team. Reviewed on 29 Jul 2026. Last updated 10 Aug 2026.