CBSE Question Paper 2018 Class 12 History

Time allowed: 3 hours

Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
2. Answer to questions no. 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
3. Answer to questions no. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words each. Students should attempt only five questions in this section.
4. Question no. 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory.
5. Answer to questions no. 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words each.
6. Questions no. 14 to 16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
7. Question no. 17 is a Map question that includes identification and location of significant test items. Attach the map with the answer-book.

PART-A

Answer all the questions given below:

1. Describe the basis on which archaeologists identified the centres of craft production in the Harappan culture.

Ans.The basis on which archaeologists identify the centers of craft production are

1. Raw material such as stone nodules, whole shells, copper ore
2. Tool
3. Unfinished objects
4. Rejects and Waste material– waste is one of the best indicators of craftwork. For instance, if shell or stone is cut to make objects, then pieces of these materials will be discarded as waste at the place of production.
5. Finished products - Sometimes, larger waste pieces were used up to make smaller objects which suggest that apart from small, specialised centres, craft production was

also undertaken in large cities such as Mohenjodaro and Harappa.

1. Any other relevant point.
2. Explain the sources of revenue of Village Panchayats during the Mughal rule in India.

Ans.

1. The Panchayat derived its funds from contributions made by individuals to a common financial pool.
2. Panchayats also had the authority to levy fines.
3. Agricultural Taxes
4. Any other relevant p

3. Examine the impact of 'Limitation Laws' passed by the British in 1859.

Ans. The impact of 'Limitation Law' passed by the British in 1859

1. The Limitation Law stated that the loan bonds signed between moneylenders and ryots would have validity for only three years.
2. This law was meant to check the accumulation of interest over time.
3. The money lenders manipulated and forced the ryots to sign a new bond every three years.
4. When a new bond was signed, the unpaid balance – that is, the original loan and the accumulated interest – was entered as the principal on which a new set of interest charges was calculated.
5. Moneylenders refused to give receipts when loans were repaid, entered fictitious figures in bonds, acquired the peasants' harvest at low prices, moneylenders ultimately took over peasants' property.
6. Deeds and bonds appeared as symbols of the new oppressive system.
7. Peasants came to associate the misery of their lives with the new regime of bonds and deeds.
8. Peasants had no choice because to survive they needed loans and moneylenders were unwilling to give loans without legal bonds.
9. Any other relevant point.

PART B

SECTION I

Answer any five of the following questions: