Reproductive Health Problems & Strategies

1 Mark Questions

1.Name an IUD that you would recommend to promote the cervix hostility to sperms. [Delhi 2014 c]

Ans. The hormone releasing IUD's, e.g. progestasert, LNG-20 are recommended to promote the cervix hostility to sperms.

1. State one reason why breast feeding the baby acts as a natural contraceptive for the mother?[Delhi 2014 C]

Ans. Since lactation or breast feeding the baby delays the onset or return of menstruation and ovulation cycle, due to interference of hormones. Therefore, the chances of conception are nil during this period, i.e. upto six months. Hence, breast feeding baby may act as a natural contraceptive for mother

1. Mention one positive and one negative application of amniocentesis. [Delhi 2010]

Ans. Application of amniocentesis are:

1. Positive application It can be used to diagnose any chromosomal abnormality or genetic disorder in foetus.
2. Negative application It can be used to determine the sex of foetus and leads to female foeticide.
3. Why is tubectomy considered a contraceptive method? [Foreign 20101]

Ans. In tubectomy, a small part of Fallopian tube or oviduct is tied up to block the transport of sperm, so as to prevent fertilisation. So, it is considered as a contraceptive method

5. How does Cu-T act as an effective contraceptive for human females? [Delhi 2009]

Ans. Copper-T (Cu-T) is an Intra Uterine Device (IUD) that serves as an effective contraceptive in the following ways:

(i)Increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.

1. Copper ions released suppresses the motility of sperms and their fertilising ability.

6. Why do some women use Saheli pills? [All India 2009 C, 2009]

Ans. Reasons to use Saheli pills by women are mainly to prevent conception because it

1. contains a non-steroidal component.
2. is once-a-week pill.
3. has high contraceptive value with fewer side effects than other oral pills.
4. inhibits ovulation and implantation

7. Mention any two events that are inhibited by the intake of oral contraceptive pills to prevent pregnancy in humans. [All India 2009]

Ans. Oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy in humans females by

1. inhibiting secretion of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary leading to inhibition of ovulation from the ovary and implantation.
2. inhibiting the entry of sperms in the uterus.

8. Give one reason for a statutory ban on amniocentesis. [All India 2008 C]

Ans. Statutory ban on amniocentesis is due to its misuse to detect the sex of pre-born child that leads to female foeticide

2 Marks Questions

9. What is amniocentesis? How is it misused? [Delhi 2014 C]

Ans. Amniocentesis is a pre-natal diagnostic test based on the chromosomal pattern of the cells in the amniotic fluid that surrounds the developing foetus in the womb. Statutory ban on amniocentesis is due to its misuse to detect the sex of pre-born child that leads to female foeticide

10. What do oral pills contain and how do they act as effective contraceptives? [Delhi 2014 c] or

Name the horinonal composition of the oral contraceptive used by human females. Explain how does it act as contraceptive? [Delhi 2009]

Ans.Oral contraceptive or pills are either

progestogens or progestogen oestrogen combinations.

They function as contraceptives by

1. inhibiting ovulation.
2. inhibiting implantation.
3. altering the quality of cervical mucus to prevent or stop the entry of sperms

11. Why is Cu-T considered a good contraceptive device to space children? [Delhi 2011] or

A mother of one year old daughter wanted to space her second child. Her doctor suggested Cu-T. Explain its contraceptive actions. [Delhi 2008]

Ans.Cu-T is an IUD, inserted by experts, which functions by releasing Cu ions which reduces sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms. It also increases phagocytosis of sperms