CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 12: Reproduction in Plants NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 12, Reproduction in Plants, explores how new plants are created. This chapter introduces students to both asexual and sexual reproduction methods. Asexual reproduction is detailed through vegetative propagation, where parts of a plant grow into a new one, budding, seen in yeast, fragmentation, where a piece breaks off and grows, and spore formation, common in fungi and ferns. Sexual reproduction is explained by covering pollination, the transfer of pollen, and fertilization, the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to seed formation. The NCERT Solutions for this chapter offer clear, step-by-step explanations and illustrative examples. They aim to simplify the biological mechanisms involved, ensuring students grasp the fundamental concepts of how plants reproduce, which is crucial for their academic success and a solid foundation in biology.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 7 |
| Subject | Science |
| Session | 2026 |
| Language | English |
| Type | NCERT Solutions |
| Chapter | Chapter 12 |
Chapter summary
Chapter 12 of the CBSE Class 7 Science NCERT Solutions focuses on Reproduction in Plants. It explains the two primary modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual. The solutions detail various asexual methods like vegetative propagation (using roots, stems, leaves), budding, fragmentation, and spore formation. It also covers the sexual reproduction process, including pollination and fertilization, leading to seed formation. This chapter's solutions aim to build a strong foundation in plant biology.
Learning outcomes
- Understand the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants.
- Identify and describe various methods of asexual reproduction: vegetative propagation, budding, fragmentation, and spore formation.
- Explain the process of pollination and its types.
- Define fertilization and its role in seed development.
- Recognize the importance of seed dispersal mechanisms.
Topics covered
Paper topics
- Reproduction in Plants
- Asexual Reproduction
- Vegetative Propagation
- Budding
- Fragmentation
- Spore Formation
- Sexual Reproduction
- Pollination
- Fertilisation
- Seed Dispersal
Important topics
- Methods of Asexual Reproduction
- Vegetative Propagation
- Pollination
- Fertilisation
- Difference between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
PDF preview
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Questions and Solutions
Exercise 1
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of the parent plant is called ______.
(b) A flower that may have either male or female reproductive parts, but not both, is called a ______ flower.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or another flower of the same kind is known as ______.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as ______.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of ______, ______ and ______.
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of the parent plant is called vegetative propagation. This method uses parts like roots, stems, or leaves to grow a new plant, bypassing the need for seeds.
(b) A flower that may have either male or female reproductive parts, but not both, is called a unisexual flower. Flowers containing both male and female parts are called bisexual.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or another flower of the same kind is known as pollination. This is a crucial step for sexual reproduction in plants.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as fertilisation. This process results in the formation of a zygote, which develops into an embryo.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water and animals. These agents help spread seeds to new locations, reducing competition with the parent plant.
Exercise 2
Asexual reproduction is a process where new individuals are produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes. The different methods of asexual reproduction are:
- Vegetative propagation: This is a common method where new plants grow from vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, or leaves. For example, potato plants sprout from 'eyes' (buds) on the tuber (stem), and new ginger plants grow from rhizomes (modified stems). Rose plants can also be grown from stem cuttings.
- Budding: In this method, a small outgrowth called a bud develops on the parent organism. This bud grows and eventually detaches to become a new independent individual. Hydra is a common example where budding occurs.
- Fragmentation: This method is observed in some simple organisms like certain algae, such as Spirogyra. When conditions are favourable, the organism breaks into two or more fragments. Each fragment then grows into a new individual.
- Spore formation: Many plants, including fungi and ferns, reproduce using spores. Spores are tiny, asexual reproductive bodies that are typically produced in large numbers within a structure called a sporangium. They are often covered by a protective coat that helps them survive unfavourable conditions like extreme temperatures or dryness. When favourable conditions return, the spores germinate and develop into new individuals.
Common mistakes
- Confusing asexual and sexual reproduction methods.
- Not understanding the specific plant parts involved in vegetative propagation.
- Difficulty in differentiating between budding, fragmentation, and spore formation.
- Misunderstanding the role of agents in pollination and seed dispersal.
Revision tips
- Draw diagrams for each method of reproduction to visualize the process.
- Create flashcards for key terms like pollination, fertilization, and vegetative propagation.
- Relate the concepts to real-life examples of plants you see around you.
- Practice filling in the blanks and answering descriptive questions to reinforce understanding.
Practice MCQs
Q1. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the production of new plants from roots, stems, or leaves?
Explanation: Vegetative propagation is the process where new plants grow from vegetative parts like roots, stems, and leaves of the parent plant.
Q2. What is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma called?
Explanation: Pollination is the essential step in sexual reproduction where pollen is transferred from the male part (anther) to the female part (stigma) of a flower.
Q3. The fusion of male and female gametes results in the formation of a:
Explanation: The fusion of male and female gametes, known as fertilization, forms a zygote, which develops into an embryo and then a seed.
Q4. Which of the following is an example of reproduction by spore formation?
Explanation: Fungi reproduce asexually through spores, which are tiny reproductive units that can survive harsh conditions and grow into new individuals.
Q5. A flower that contains either only male or only female reproductive parts is called:
Explanation: Unisexual flowers possess either the stamens (male parts) or the pistil (female parts), but not both.
Frequently asked questions
What are the main types of reproduction in plants covered in Class 7 Science Chapter 12?
Chapter 12 covers two main types of reproduction in plants: asexual reproduction, which includes vegetative propagation, budding, fragmentation, and spore formation, and sexual reproduction, involving pollination and fertilization.
What is vegetative propagation?
Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction where new plants are produced from vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, leaves, and buds.
What is the difference between pollination and fertilisation?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. Fertilisation is the fusion of the male gamete with the female gamete, which occurs after pollination.
How do plants reproduce using spores?
Some plants, like fungi and ferns, reproduce using spores. These are tiny asexual reproductive bodies that are protected by a hard coat and can grow into new individuals under favourable conditions.
What are the agents of seed dispersal mentioned in the chapter?
The chapter mentions that seeds are dispersed by agents like wind, water, and animals.
How can these NCERT Solutions help me study Chapter 12?
These solutions provide clear, step-by-step explanations for all exercises, helping you understand the concepts of plant reproduction, identify different methods, and learn key terminology for your exams.
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