CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life - NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16, 'Chemistry in Everyday Life,' explores the practical applications of chemical principles in our daily routines. This chapter delves into the world of drugs, discussing their classification and emphasizing the critical importance of seeking medical advice for appropriate dosages. It highlights the function of antacids, such as ranitidine, in neutralizing excess stomach acid. The necessity of artificial sweetening agents for individuals managing diabetes or obesity is also examined, contrasting their properties with traditional sugar (sucrose). Additionally, the chapter details the chemical process of saponification, explaining how soaps are synthesized from glyceryl esters like palmitate and oleate. Finally, it identifies the distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of non-ionic detergents and their associated functional groups, providing a comprehensive overview of chemistry's role in everyday products and health.
Quick info
| Board | CBSE |
|---|---|
| Class | Class 12 |
| Subject | Chemiry |
| Session | 2026 |
| Language | English |
| Type | NCERT Solutions |
| Chapter | Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life - Intext Questions Solutions |
Chapter summary
Chapter 16 of the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry syllabus, 'Chemistry in Everyday Life', explores the chemical substances that impact our daily routines. This set of solutions covers in-text questions related to the classification and usage of drugs, the function of artificial sweeteners, the process of soap manufacturing via saponification of fats and oils, and the structure and components of detergents. It aims to provide clear explanations for these fundamental concepts.
Learning outcomes
- Understand the importance of consulting doctors for medication dosages.
- Identify the classification of drugs based on pharmacological effects.
- Explain the need for artificial sweetening agents.
- Write chemical equations for soap preparation (saponification).
- Identify hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in detergent molecules.
- Recognize functional groups in non-ionic detergents.
Topics covered
Paper topics
- Drugs and their classification
- Pharmacological effects of drugs
- Antacids
- Artificial sweetening agents
- Saccharin
- Aspartame
- Alitame
- Soaps
- Saponification
- Glyceryl oleate
- Glyceryl palmitate
- Detergents (non-ionic)
Important topics
- Classification of drugs
- Role of artificial sweeteners
- Saponification reaction
- Structure and function of detergents
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Questions and Solutions
(Chapter 16)(Chemistry in Everyday Life) XII
Intext Questions
Question 16.1:
Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor, Why?
Answer
Most drugs when taken in doses higher than recommended may cause harmful effects and sometimes, may even lead to death. Hence, a doctor should always be consulted before taking any medicine.
Question 16.2:
With reference to which classification has the statement, 'ranitidine is an antacid" been given?
Answer
The given statement refers to the classification of pharmacological effects of the drug. This is because any drug that is used to counteract the effects of excess acid in the stomach is called an antacid.
Question 16.3:
Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?
Answer
A large number of people are suffering from diseases such as diabetes and obesity. These people cannot take normal sugar i.e., sucrose as it is harmful for them. Therefore, artificial sweetening agents that do not add to the calorie intake of a person are required. Saccharin, aspartame, and alitame are a few examples of artificial sweeteners.
Question 16.4:
Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structural formulae of these compounds are given below.
- <math>(C_{15}H_{31}COO)_3 C_3H_5</math> – Glyceryl palmitate
- (C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>33</sub>COO)<sub>3</sub> C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub> - Glyceryl oleate
Answer (i)
<math>CH_{2} - O - \stackrel{||}{C} - C_{15}H_{31}</math> O <math>CH - O - \stackrel{||}{C} - C_{15}H_{31} + 3NaOH</math>
O 3C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>31</sub>COONa СНОН CH<sub>2</sub>OH CH2 15Hz CH2OH Sodium palmitate
(Soap)
Glyceryl palmitate Glycerol
(ii)
<math>CH_2</math> - C17H33 CH<sub>2</sub>OH
CH - - C17H33 3NaOH Heat CHOH 3C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>33</sub>COONa
CH<sub>2</sub> Sodium oleate CH2OH (Soap) Glyceryl oleate Glycerol
Question 16.5:
Following type of nom-ionic detergents are present in liquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the molecule.
Identify the functional group (s) present in the molecule.
12
Common mistakes
- Confusing the classification of drugs.
- Incorrectly writing chemical equations for saponification.
- Misidentifying hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of detergent molecules.
Revision tips
- Review the chemical structures of fats and oils used in soap making.
- Practice writing the saponification reaction for different esters.
- Understand the difference between ionic and non-ionic detergents.
- Focus on the reasons behind using artificial sweeteners.
Practice MCQs
Q1. Why is it important to consult a doctor before taking sleeping pills?
Explanation: Taking medication in doses higher than recommended can lead to severe adverse effects, including potentially fatal outcomes. Therefore, medical consultation is crucial.
Q2. Ranitidine is classified as an antacid because it:
Explanation: Antacids are drugs used to counteract the effects of excess acid in the stomach. Ranitidine falls into this category due to its acid-neutralizing properties.
Q3. Which of the following is a reason for using artificial sweetening agents?
Explanation: Artificial sweeteners are used by individuals, such as diabetics, who cannot consume normal sugar (sucrose) because they do not add to the calorie intake and are safe for them.
Q4. The process of preparing sodium soap from glyceryl palmitate and sodium hydroxide is called:
Explanation: Saponification is the chemical process where esters (like glyceryl palmitate) react with a strong base (like sodium hydroxide) to produce soap and glycerol.
Q5. In a non-ionic detergent molecule, the part that dissolves in water is called:
Explanation: The hydrophilic part of a detergent molecule is the portion that has an affinity for water, allowing it to dissolve in aqueous solutions.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main purpose of artificial sweetening agents?
Artificial sweetening agents are used by individuals who need to control their sugar intake, such as diabetics or those managing obesity, as they provide sweetness without adding calories from sugar.
What chemical reaction is used to make soap from fats?
Soap is prepared from fats (like glyceryl palmitate or glyceryl oleate) through a process called saponification, which involves reacting the fat with a strong base like sodium hydroxide.
Why are sleeping pills not to be taken without a doctor's consultation?
Sleeping pills, like many drugs, can have serious side effects or be toxic if taken in doses higher than recommended. A doctor's consultation ensures the correct dosage and suitability for the patient.
How are ranitidine and antacids related?
Ranitidine is an example of an antacid. Antacids are drugs classified by their pharmacological effect: they counteract the effects of excess acid in the stomach.
What are the two main parts of a non-ionic detergent molecule?
A non-ionic detergent molecule consists of a hydrophobic part (which repels water) and a hydrophilic part (which attracts water).
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