Nature of Management: Management as an Art, Science & Profession

1 Mark Questions

1. Identify the nature of management when it is said to be a systematised body of knowledge that explains certain general truths.

(HOTS; Delhi 2012)

Ans. Management as a science.

1. Identify the nature of management when it is practised as personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results.

(All India 2012)

Ans. Management as an art.

3 Mark Questions

1. What is meant by management as an art? Explain with the help of any three features. (Delhi 2010c)

Ans. Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired goals. Management is said to be an art since, it satisfies the following features of an art:

1. Manager practices the art of management in day-to-day job of managing and

enterprise on the basis of study, observation and experience.

1. Because of the availability of the theoretical knowledge of management, a manager is able to apply it in a personalised manner.
2. Art requires creativity, similarly manager also requires creativity to apply the acquired knowledge in a personalised and skillful manner in real situations.
3. What is meant by management as a science? Explain with the help of any three features.

Ans. Management as a Science Science is the systematised body of knowledge which establishes the relationship between causes and their effects.

Management is regarded as a science because of the following features of the management:

1. Existence of systematic body of knowledge Like science, management has its own theory and principles that have developed over a period of time. Thus, we can say, management has a systematised body of knowledge.
2. Scientific methods of observation Certain management principles are evolved from scientific methods of observation. The cause and effect relationship is the art of science but it is applicable in management also. Therefore, management principles are accurate and reliable.
3. Universally accepted principles Certain management principles are universally valid. The established principles of modern management have universal applicability.

Principle of division of labour and specialisation, unity of command, etc are accepted everywhere

1. 'Management is the systematised body of knowledge that explains certain general truths.' Explain. (Delhi 2009c)

Ans. Management as a science. It is a systematised body of knowledge which explains certain general truths and it is based on logical observations, facts and events.

Management as a Science Science is the systematised body of knowledge which establishes the relationship between causes and their effects. Management is regarded as a science because of the following features of the management:

1. Existence of systematic body of knowledge Like science, management has its own theory and principles that have developed over a period of time. Thus, we can say, management has a systematised body of knowledge.
2. Scientific methods of observation Certain management principles are evolved from scientific methods of observation. The cause and effect relationship is the art of science but it is applicable in management also. Therefore, management principles are accurate and reliable.
3. Universally accepted principles Certain management principles are universally valid. The established principles of modern management have universal applicability. Principle of division of labour and specialisation, unity of command, etc are accepted everywhere.
4. Management is skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. Explain. (All India 2009c)

Ans. Management as an art. It is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. It can be acquired through study, observation and experience. Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired goals. Management is said to be an art since, it satisfies the following features of an art:

1. Manager practices the art of management in day-to-day job of managing and enterprise on the basis of study, observation and experience.
2. Because of the availability of the theoretical knowledge of management, a manager is able to apply it in a personalised manner.
3. Art requires creativity, similarly manager also requires creativity to apply the acquired knowledge in a personalised and skillful manner in real situations.