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Organization of Data Class 11 Notes For Economics Chapter 3

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Organisation of Data in Statistics
Class 11 Notes PDF Free Download

1. Classification of Data :-

The process of grouping data according to their characteristics is known as classification of data.


2. Objectives of Classification :-


a] To simplify complex data
b] To facilitate understanding
c] To facilitate comparison
d] To make analysis and interpretation easy.
e] To arrange and put the data according to their common characteristics.


3. Statistical Series :-


Systematic arrangement of statistical data

Statistical Series: Systematic arrangement of statistical data

I. Can be on the basis of individual units :- The data can be individually presented in two forms:

i] Raw data : Data collected in original form.
ii] Individual Series : The arrangement of raw data individually. It can be expressed in two ways.
a] Alphabetical arrangement : Alphabetical order
b] Array :
Ascending or descending order.

II. Can be on the basis of Frequency Distribution :- Frequency distribution refers to a table in which observed values of a variable are classified according to their numerical magnitude.


1. Discrete Series :-


A variable is called discrete if the variable can take only some particular values.


2. Continuous Series :-


A variable is called continuous if it can take any value in a given range. In constructing continuous series we come across terms like:

a] Class : Each given internal is called a class e.g., 0-5, 5-10.
b] Class limit : There are two limits upper limit and lower limit.
c] Class interval :
Difference between upper limit and lower limit.
d] Range :
Difference between upper limit and lower limit.

e] Mid-point or Mid Value :

f] Frequency :
Number of items [observations] falling within a particular class. 

i] Exclusive Series : Excluding the upper limit of these classes, all the items of the class are included in the class itself. E.g., :

ii] Inclusive

Marks
0-10 10-20
20-30
30-40
Number of Students 2 5 2 1

Series : Upper class limits of classes are included in the respective classes. E.g.,

Marks
0-9
10-19
20-29
Name of Students
2 5 2

Open End Classes :

The lower limit of the first class and upper limit of the last class are not given. E.g.,

Marks Below 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50 and above
Number of Students 7 6 12 5 3

iii] Cumulative Frequency Series : It is obtained by successively adding the frequencies of the values of the classes according to a certain law.
a] ‘Less than’ Cumulative Frequency Distribution : The frequencies of each class-internal are added successively.
b] ‘More than’ Cumulative Frequency Distribution : The more than cumulative frequency is obtained by finding the cumulative totals of frequencies starting from the highest value of the variable to the lowest value. 

Marks
No. of Students
0-10
2
10-20
5
20-30
10
30-40
12
40-50
17
50-60
4
 
Marks
No. of Students
Less than 10 
2
Less than 20
7
Less than 30
17
Less than 40
29
Less than 50
46
Less than 60
50
Marks
No. of Students
More than 0
50
More than 10 
48
More than 20
43
More than 30
33
More than 40
21
More than 50
4


Economics Organisation of Data in Statistics

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